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Historical Earthquakes and Tsunami Waves in the Sea of Marmara: Review and Modelling

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Environmental Protection and Disaster Risks (EnviroRISKs 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ((LNNS,volume 638))

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Abstract

Marmara Sea is located near the collision border between the Eurasia and the Arab plates, where a major continental strike slip fault called the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) runs south of the Black Sea and pass through the Anatolian blocks with a dextral motion. Seismic ruptures along the NAF are one of the main causes of strong earthquakes and along with submarine landslides, tsunami waves generated. Nevertheless, the seismic activity is concentrated along the Izmit Fault in the east and the Ganos Fault in the west of Marmara Sea. In this study we review the historical earthquakes generated tsunamis and model some of them numerically. One of the largest earthquakes of the XXth century in the Balkans, occurred on the active Ganos Fault on August 9th, 1912 (Ms7.4). The so-called Șarköy-Mürefte earthquake produced tsunami waves which were observed all the way to the eastern coast of Marmara [1]. Another strong earthquake caused tsunami near Istanbul and Izmit Bay happened on August 17th, 1999 (Mw7.4).

The model UBO-TSUFD [2], used in the computations, is based on the nonlinear shallow-water equations of Navier-Stocks coupled with bathymetry and topography data. The initial tsunami conditions are calculated via the Okada model [3], based on known focal mechanisms. Results of the simulations are presented as maximum water elevation field, tsunami travel time maps and synthetic mareograms in certain points.

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Acknowledgements

The first author would like to thank the Tsunami Research Team from University of Bologna for the opportunity to work with UBO-TSUFD. This paper was supported by the project CP-06-COST-7/24.09.2020 “Tsunami Hazard Assessment in the Southeastern European region”, funded by BNSF. The first author (LD) contributed to the European Cooperation in Science and Technology COST project “AGITHAR-Accelerating Global science In Tsunami HAzard and Risk analysis”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 5 James Bourchier, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Lyuba Dimova & Reneta Raykova

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  1. Lyuba Dimova
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  2. Reneta Raykova
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Correspondence to Lyuba Dimova .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Nina Dobrinkova

  2. Crisis Management and Disaster Response Centre of Excellence, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Orlin Nikolov

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Dimova, L., Raykova, R. (2023). Historical Earthquakes and Tsunami Waves in the Sea of Marmara: Review and Modelling. In: Dobrinkova, N., Nikolov, O. (eds) Environmental Protection and Disaster Risks. EnviroRISKs 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 638. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26754-3_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26754-3_7

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-26754-3

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