Abstract
Polycross is a functional and low-cost breeding method but the missing paternal pedigree data is a disadvantage for the use of polycross breeding in Apiaceae including carrot (Daucus carota L.). The present study describes a paternity test for carrot breeding using 14 previously described SSR markers. Phenotyping of harvested roots was done using a non-destructive and fast screening method to determine total carotenoid concentration by Raman spectroscopy. Genetic relationship between the parent cultivars was estimated using Nei’s genetic distance and cluster analysis by POPGENE software. Cluster analysis divided the parent cultivars into two major groups according to geographic origin. The mean pairwise genetic distance between the cultivars was 0.096, an indication of very great genetic difference. The software program CERVUS was used for parentage analysis. A total of 82 progenies from a polycross of nine cultivars were genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and paternity was assigned successfully for 81.7% of the offspring at a 99% confidence level, with 58.2% being the result of self-fertilization. These results show that application of a marker-assisted paternity test in carrot polycross breeding allows the rapid assessment of genetic diversity and targeted selection of desired individuals for the next generation of breeding. This was shown by an increase in average carotenoid concentration of 200 ppm (range of 104–441 ppm) in the parent genotypes to an average of 245 ppm in the progeny ranging from 97 to as high as 553 ppm.
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Author Contributions
S.K.C, B.J and S.K.R; methodology, S.K.C; formal analysis, S.K.C and S.D.; investigation, S.K.C. and S.D.; data curation, S.K.C, S.D. and S.K.R.; writing–original draft preparation, S.K.C.; writing–review and editing, S.K.C, S.D., B.J. and S.K.R; project administration, S.K.C., B.J. and S.K.R.; funding acquisition, B.J. and S.K.R.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
Funding
This research was funded by the Danish Agricultural Agency, Green Development and Demonstration Programme, grant number 34009-13-0659.
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Clausen, S.K., Dahlke, S., Jørnsgård, B., Rasmussen, S.K. (2023). Improved Breeding of High-Carotene Carrots Through Marker-Assisted Paternity Selection and Raman Spectroscopy. In: Raina, A., Wani, M.R., Laskar, R.A., Tomlekova, N., Khan, S. (eds) Advanced Crop Improvement, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26669-0_4
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