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Carbon Fibre Precursor from Oil Palm Biomass Lignin

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Materials Innovations and Solutions in Science and Technology

Part of the book series: Advanced Structured Materials ((STRUCTMAT,volume 173))

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Abstract

The interest in converting biomass into value-added products has increased dramatically. Oil palm industries generate approximately 75% of solid waste from palm trunks and fronds accessible on plantations. The remaining 25% are available at mills as empty fruit bunches, mesocarp fibres, and palm kernel shells. In plantations, a significant amount of biomass is typically discarded. As a result, this scenario demonstrates the substantial underutilisation of lignocellulosic feedstock. Lignocellulosic biomass is frequently used to produce biofuels, biochemicals, and other high-value products because of its low cost, abundance, and renewability. Despite the widespread usage of carbon fibre in industry, its applicability is restricted due to the expensive cost of the material. Interestingly, lignin has the potential to be utilised as a carbon fibre precursor with properties similar to those of polyacrylonitrile and pitch-based precursors. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are eutectic combinations of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and hydrogen bond donors (HBD) with much lower melting points than those of their components. DESs are versatile green solvents that can be chemically tailored to meet the requirements of various applications. The β–O–4 bond is the primary linkage in the chemical structure of lignin and is frequently targeted during lignin breakdown and pretreatment. DESs have an outstanding ability to break the β–O–4 bonds and extract lignin with high purity. Therefore, this review aims to determine the feasibility of using DESs as carbon fibre precursors to extract lignin from oil palm biomass.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia, under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (FRGS/1/2020/STG05/UNIKL/02/1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia

    Siti Khadijah Amran, Afiqah Liana Sazali, Khairul Faizal Pa’ee, Mohd Razealy Anuar & Tau-Len Kelly Yong

  2. New Product Development, OHR Marketing Sdn Bhd., No 421, Jalan Perusahaan 6, Taman Bandar Baru Mergong, Lebuhraya Sultanah Bahiyah, 05150, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia

    Norfahana Abd-Talib

  3. Centre for Women Advancement and Leadership, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Tau-Len Kelly Yong

Authors
  1. Siti Khadijah Amran
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  2. Afiqah Liana Sazali
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  3. Norfahana Abd-Talib
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  4. Khairul Faizal Pa’ee
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  5. Mohd Razealy Anuar
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  6. Tau-Len Kelly Yong
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Correspondence to Tau-Len Kelly Yong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Women Advancement and Leadership, Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Lumut, Perak, Malaysia

    Azman Ismail

  2. School of Information Science, College of Computing, Informatics and Media, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Machang, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Fatin Nur Zulkipli

  3. Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Masai, Johor, Malaysia

    Mohd Amran Mohd Daril

  4. Faculty of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Esslingen University Applied Sciences, Esslingen am Neckar, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Andreas Öchsner

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Amran, S.K., Sazali, A.L., Abd-Talib, N., Pa’ee, K.F., Anuar, M.R., Yong, TL.K. (2023). Carbon Fibre Precursor from Oil Palm Biomass Lignin. In: Ismail, A., Nur Zulkipli, F., Mohd Daril, M.A., Öchsner, A. (eds) Materials Innovations and Solutions in Science and Technology. Advanced Structured Materials, vol 173. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26636-2_1

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