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Eliminating SF6 from Switchgear

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Direct Current Fault Protection

Part of the book series: Power Systems ((POWSYS))

Abstract

This chapter provides a brief overview of SF6 use in medium- and high-voltage gas-insulated electrical equipment and the outsized environmental impact of SF6 which has prompted a decades-long search for alternative gases and gas mixtures. Section 2 summarizes the key gas properties required for gas insulators, the early SF6 gas mixture alternatives that were considered, and the recent successes in the development and testing of gas mixtures based on 3 M’s Novec™ 4710 and Novec™ 5110 gas. Section 3 briefly summarizes the life cycle challenges associated with the use of SF6, including leak detection and end-of-life disposal. Section 4 describes the hardware development of new electrical equipment when near drop-in SF6 replacements are not possible or desirable.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The emissions are estimated by using a 1% emission rate on the reported and projected SF6 nameplate capacities (see Fig. 18.1). Of note, the EPA does not require SF6 emission reporting for utility operators with a combined total of 17,820 lbs. SF6 nameplate capacity, and therefore, the numbers available for nameplate capacity may not be complete.

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Acknowledgments

The writing of this chapter was funded in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Special thanks to Dr. Sade Ruffin for her contributions.

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  1. Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy, Washington, DC, USA

    Emily Yedinak & Isik C. Kizilyalli

  2. Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA

    Kathleen Lentijo

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    Isik C. Kizilyalli

  2. Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada

    Z. John Shen

  3. ARPA-E, United States Department of Energy, Washington D.C., USA

    Daniel W. Cunningham

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Yedinak, E., Lentijo, K., Kizilyalli, I.C. (2023). Eliminating SF6 from Switchgear. In: Kizilyalli, I.C., Shen, Z.J., Cunningham, D.W. (eds) Direct Current Fault Protection. Power Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26572-3_18

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