Abstract
The European Landscape Convention (ELC), which came into effect in 2004, has been ratified by 40 countries since its signing in 2000. For the first time in history, all these countries with rich and diverse landscape cultures as well as different institutional frameworks agree on a legal definition of landscape and common goals for landscape policies. The implementation of the ELC has ushered in innovations in their legislation, governance and administrative processes, and spatial planning systems. A systematic comparison is lacking and, while landscape heritage protection has internationally accepted protocols, landscape planning has not. This paper proposes a framework for a comparative analysis and, based on the collection of contributions to this section, drafts some initial considerations. After more than twenty years of implementation of the ELC, the most challenging issues seem to be participation, conflict management and strategy making.
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Notes
- 1.
“The Italian Republic protects the landscape and the historic and artistic heritage of the Nation”, Italian Republic Constitution, 1948 (Article 9), translated by the author.
- 2.
In particular, in 2001 two new educational programs were introduced into the Italian university degrees’ system: Landscape Architecture and Regional, Urban, Environmental, and Landscape Planning.
- 3.
The ferment induced by the ELC is well testified by the notable presence of Italian scholars in this book (and section) as well as in the literature and networks regarding the Convention.
- 4.
See the Information System on the Council of Europe Landscape Convention, https://www.coe.int/en/web/landscape/landscape-observatory. Last Access: July 2021.
- 5.
- 6.
Sala et al. (2014) is one of the few studies to systematize landscape planning systems in different countries. In the collaborative framework of the EU ESPON Programme, Targeted analyses, see LP3LP—Landscape Policy for the 3 Countries Park and LIVELAND—Liveable Landscapes: a Key Value for Sustainable Territorial Development.
Abbreviations
- CoE:
-
Council of Europe
- ELC:
-
European Landscape Convention
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Websites
CoE (2018) Information System on the Council of Europe Landscape Convention. https://www.coe.int/en/web/landscape/landscape-observatoryLast Access July 2021.
EU ESPON programme targeted analyses. https://www.espon.eu/targeted-analyses. Last Access July 2021.
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Cassatella, C. (2024). Twenty years of Landscape Policy and Governance in Europe, and the Way Ahead. In: Agnoletti, M., Dobričič, S., Matteini, T., Palerm, J.M. (eds) Cultivating Continuity of the European Landscape. Environmental History, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25713-1_21
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