Abstract
Ethical debates about assisted dying typically assume that only medical professionals should be able to provide patients with assisted dying. This assumption partially rests on the unstated principle that assisted dying providers may not be motivated by pecuniary considerations. Here I outline and defend a mixed provider model of assisted dying provision that contests this principle. Under this model, medically competent non-physician professionals could receive fees for providing assisted dying under the same terms and conditions as physicians can in those jurisdictions where medically assisted dying is lawful. The mixed provider model blunts objections to assisted dying rooted in supposed clashes with medical values. In addition to generating a market likely to expand access to assisted dying, the mixed provider model would not create markets that are unjust because they are “noxious” in Satz’ sense or because they raise “semiotic” concerns about the value of human life.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Crisp (1987) proposes to call these professionals ‘telostricians’, corresponding to the Greek terms for ‘end’ and ‘artisan’.
References
Anderson, Elizabeth. 1990. Is women’s labor a commodity? Philosophy and Public Affairs 19: 71–92.
Baumrin, Bernard. 1998. Physician, stay thy hand! In Physician Assisted Suicide: Expanding the Debate, eds. Margaret P. Battin, Rosamond Rhodes, and Anita Silvers, 177–181. New York: Routledge.
Brennan, Jason, and Peter M. Jaworski. 2016. Markets Without Limits: Moral Virtues and Commercial Interests. New York: Routledge.
Callahan, Daniel. 1992. When self-determination runs amok. The Hastings Center Report 22: 52–55. https://doi.org/10.2307/3562566.
Cholbi, Michael. 2011. Suicide: The Philosophical Dimensions. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview.
Cholbi, Michael. (2015) The right to die and the medical cartel. Ethics, Medicine, and Public Health 1: 486–493.
Crisp, Roger. 1987. A good death: Who best to bring it? Bioethics 1: 74–79.
Davis, Nicola. 2019. Euthanasia and assisted dying rates are soaring. But where are they legal? The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/jul/15/euthanasia-and-assisted-dying-rates-are-soaring-but-where-are-they-legal. Accessed April 4, April.
DeCou, Christopher. 2019. The ancient doctors who refused payment. Wellcome Collection. Available at: https://wellcomecollection.org/articles/Xc6-2REAACgABY_t. Accessed April 9, 2022.
Groenewoud, A Stef, Femke Atsma, Mina Arvin, Gert P. Westert, and Theo A. Boer. 2021. Euthanasia in the Netherlands: A claims data cross-section study of geographical variation. BMJ Supportive and Pallative Care. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002573.
Hall, Mark A., and Carl E. Schneider. 2008. Learning from the legal history of billing for medical fees. Journal of General Internal Medicine 23: 1257–1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-008-0605-1.
Health Canada. 2020. Second Annual Report on Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada 2020. Available at: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/medical-assistance-dying/annual-report-2020.html. Accessed March 26, 2022.
Kamm, Frances M. 2020. Five easy arguments for assisted suicide and the objections of Velleman and Gorsuch. In Almost Over: Aging, Dying, Death, 208–244. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kass, Leon R. 2002. Life, Liberty, and the Defense of Dignity: The Challenge for Bioethics. San Francisco: Encounter Books.
Melo, Paula, Costa Pedro, Maria Jose Quintas, et al. 2017. Pentobarbital in the context of possible suicides: Analysis of a case. Forensic Science International 274: 109–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.11.042.
Miller, Franklin G., and Howard Brody. 1995. Professional integrity and physician-assisted death. Hastings Center Report 25: 8–17.
Oregon Health Authority. 2021. Oregon Death with Dignity Act: 2021 Data Summary. Available at: https://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/PROVIDERPARTNERRESOURCES/EVALUATIONRESEARCH/DEATHWITHDIGNITYACT/Documents/year24.pdf. Accessed March 22, 2022.
Ost, Suzanne. 2010. The de-medicalisation of assisted dying: Is a less medicalised model the way forward? Medical Law Review 18: 497–540. https://doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwq025.
Raus, Kasper, Bert Vanderhaegen, and Sigrid Sterckx. 2021. Euthanasia in Belgium: Shortcomings of the law and its application and of the monitoring of practice. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 46: 80–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa031.
Satz, Debra. 2010. Why Some Things Should Not Be for Sale: The Moral Limits of Markets. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Seay, Gary. 2005. Euthanasia and physicians’ moral duties. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 30: 517–533. https://doi.org/10.1080/03605310500253071.
Sikka, Tina. 2019. Barriers to access: A feminist analysis of medically assisted dying and the experience of marginalized groups. Omega (Westport) 84: 4–26.
Washington State Department of Health. 2021. 2020 Death with Dignity Act Report. Available at: https://doh.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2022-02/422-109-DeathWithDignityAct2020pdf?uid=6264c8c52f4ba. Accessed April 18, 2022.
Acknowledgements
I gratefully acknowledge the useful feedback I received on an earlier version of this chapter from Christopher Cowley, Peter Schaber, Tatjana von Solodkoff, Isra Black, Naomi Richards, and other participants at a workshop on Ethical Issues of Non-physician Assisted Suicide held at University College, Dublin. The Society for Applied Philosophy generously sponsored the workshop.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cholbi, M. (2023). Envisioning Markets in Assisted Dying. In: Cholbi, M., Varelius, J. (eds) New Directions in the Ethics of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia. The International Library of Bioethics, vol 103. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25315-7_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25315-7_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-25314-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-25315-7
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)