Skip to main content

See Finer, See More: Implicit Modality Alignment for Text-Based Person Retrieval

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computer Vision – ECCV 2022 Workshops (ECCV 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 13805))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Text-based person retrieval aims to find the query person based on a textual description. The key is to learn a common latent space mapping between visual-textual modalities. To achieve this goal, existing works employ segmentation to obtain explicitly cross-modal alignments or utilize attention to explore salient alignments. These methods have two shortcomings: 1) Labeling cross-modal alignments are time-consuming. 2) Attention methods can explore salient cross-modal alignments but may ignore some subtle and valuable pairs. To relieve these issues, we introduce an Implicit Visual-Textual (IVT) framework for text-based person retrieval. Different from previous models, IVT utilizes a single network to learn representation for both modalities, which contributes to the visual-textual interaction. To explore the fine-grained alignment, we further propose two implicit semantic alignment paradigms: multi-level alignment (MLA) and bidirectional mask modeling (BMM). The MLA module explores finer matching at sentence, phrase, and word levels, while the BMM module aims to mine more semantic alignments between visual and textual modalities. Extensive experiments are carried out to evaluate the proposed IVT on public datasets, i.e., CUHK-PEDES, RSTPReID, and ICFG-PEDES. Even without explicit body part alignment, our approach still achieves state-of-the-art performance. Code is available at: https://github.com/TencentYoutuResearch/PersonRetrieval-IVT.

X. Shu and W. Wen—Equal contribution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aggarwal, S., Radhakrishnan, V.B., Chakraborty, A.: Text-based person search via attribute-aided matching. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), pp. 2617–2625 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bao, H., Dong, L., Wei, F.: BEit: BERT pre-training of image transformers. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Brown, T., et al.: Language models are few-shot learners. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), vol. 33, pp. 1877–1901 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chen, D., et al.: Improving deep visual representation for person re-identification by global and local image-language association. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 54–70 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chen, T., Xu, C., Luo, J.: Improving text-based person search by spatial matching and adaptive threshold. In: 2018 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), pp. 1879–1887 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chen, Y.-C., et al.: UNITER: UNiversal image-TExt representation learning. In: Vedaldi, A., Bischof, H., Brox, T., Frahm, J.-M. (eds.) ECCV 2020. LNCS, vol. 12375, pp. 104–120. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58577-8_7

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Chen, Y., Zhang, G., Lu, Y., Wang, Z., Zheng, Y.: TIPCB: a simple but effective part-based convolutional baseline for text-based person search. Neurocomputing 494, 171–181 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ding, Z., Ding, C., Shao, Z., Tao, D.: Semantically self-aligned network for text-to-image part-aware person re-identification. arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.12666 (2021)

  9. Dosovitskiy, A., et al.: An image is worth 16x16 words: transformers for image recognition at scale. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Fedus, W., Zoph, B., Shazeer, N.: Switch transformers: scaling to trillion parameter models with simple and efficient sparsity. arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.03961 (2021)

  11. Gao, C., et al.: Contextual non-local alignment over full-scale representation for text-based person search. arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.03036 (2021)

  12. Han, X., He, S., Zhang, L., Xiang, T.: Text-based person search with limited data. In: The British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC) (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  13. He, K., Chen, X., Xie, S., Li, Y., Dollár, P., Girshick, R.: Masked autoencoders are scalable vision learners. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  14. He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 770–778 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jia, C., et al.: Scaling up visual and vision-language representation learning with noisy text supervision. In: International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), pp. 4904–4916. PMLR (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jing, Y., Si, C., Wang, J., Wang, W., Wang, L., Tan, T.: Pose-guided multi-granularity attention network for text-based person search. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), vol. 34, pp. 11189–11196 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kenton, J.D.M.W.C., Toutanova, L.K.: Bert: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT), pp. 4171–4186 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kim, W., Son, B., Kim, I.: ViLT: vision-and-language transformer without convolution or region supervision. In: International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), pp. 5583–5594 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Krishna, R., et al.: Visual genome: connecting language and vision using crowdsourced dense image annotations. Int. J. Comput. Vis. (IJCV) 123(1), 32–73 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Lee, K.H., Chen, X., Hua, G., Hu, H., He, X.: Stacked cross attention for image-text matching. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 201–216 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Li, J., Selvaraju, R., Gotmare, A., Joty, S., Xiong, C., Hoi, S.C.H.: Align before fuse: vision and language representation learning with momentum distillation. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), vol. 34 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Li, S., Xiao, T., Li, H., Yang, W., Wang, X.: Identity-aware textual-visual matching with latent co-attention. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 1890–1899 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Li, S., Xiao, T., Li, H., Zhou, B., Yue, D., Wang, X.: Person search with natural language description. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 1970–1979 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Li, X., et al.: Oscar: object-semantics aligned pre-training for vision-language tasks. In: Vedaldi, A., Bischof, H., Brox, T., Frahm, J.-M. (eds.) ECCV 2020. LNCS, vol. 12375, pp. 121–137. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58577-8_8

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Lin, T.-Y., et al.: Microsoft COCO: common objects in context. In: Fleet, D., Pajdla, T., Schiele, B., Tuytelaars, T. (eds.) ECCV 2014. LNCS, vol. 8693, pp. 740–755. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10602-1_48

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Liu, J., Zha, Z.J., Hong, R., Wang, M., Zhang, Y.: Deep adversarial graph attention convolution network for text-based person search. In: Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM), pp. 665–673 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Liu, Z., et al.: Swin transformer: hierarchical vision transformer using shifted windows. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 10012–10022 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Loper, E., Bird, S.: NLTK: the natural language toolkit. arXiv preprint cs/0205028 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Lu, J., Batra, D., Parikh, D., Lee, S.: ViLBERT: pretraining task-agnostic visiolinguistic representations for vision-and-language tasks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), vol. 32 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sarafianos, N., Xu, X., Kakadiaris, I.A.: Adversarial representation learning for text-to-image matching. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 5813–5823 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Niu, K., Huang, Y., Ouyang, W., Wang, L.: Improving description-based person re-identification by multi-granularity image-text alignments. IEEE Trans. Image Process. (TIP) 29, 5542–5556 (2020)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Ordonez, V., Kulkarni, G., Berg, T.: Im2text: describing images using 1 million captioned photographs. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), vol. 24 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Radford, A., et al.: Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision. In: International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), pp. 8748–8763. PMLR (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Radford, A., Narasimhan, K., Salimans, T., Sutskever, I.: Improving language understanding by generative pre-training (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Radford, A., Wu, J., Child, R., Luan, D., Amodei, D., Sutskever, I., et al.: Language models are unsupervised multitask learners. OpenAI Blog 1(8), 9 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Reed, S., Akata, Z., Lee, H., Schiele, B.: Learning deep representations of fine-grained visual descriptions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 49–58 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Sharma, P., Ding, N., Goodman, S., Soricut, R.: Conceptual captions: a cleaned, hypernymed, image alt-text dataset for automatic image captioning. In: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 2556–2565 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Vaswani, A., et al.: Attention is all you need. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), vol. 30 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Wang, C., Luo, Z., Lin, Y., Li, S.: Text-based person search via multi-granularity embedding learning. In: International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 1068–1074 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Wang, W., Bao, H., Dong, L., Wei, F.: VLMo: unified vision-language pre-training with mixture-of-modality-experts. arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.02358 (2021)

  41. Wang, X., et al.: Large-scale multi-modal pre-trained models: a comprehensive survey (2022). https://github.com/wangxiao5791509/MultiModal_BigModels_Survey

  42. Wang, Z., Fang, Z., Wang, J., Yang, Y.: ViTAA: visual-textual attributes alignment in person search by natural language. In: Vedaldi, A., Bischof, H., Brox, T., Frahm, J.-M. (eds.) ECCV 2020. LNCS, vol. 12357, pp. 402–420. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58610-2_24

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  43. Wang, Z., Zhu, A., Zheng, Z., Jin, J., Xue, Z., Hua, G.: Img-net: inner-cross-modal attentional multigranular network for description-based person re-identification. J. Electron. Imaging (JEI) 29(4), 043028 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Wei, L., Zhang, S., Gao, W., Tian, Q.: Person transfer GAN to bridge domain gap for person re-identification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 79–88 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Zhang, P., et al.: VinVL: revisiting visual representations in vision-language models. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 5579–5588 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Zhang, S., Zheng, D., Hu, X., Yang, M.: Bidirectional long short-term memory networks for relation classification. In: Proceedings of the 29th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation (PACLIC), pp. 73–78 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Zhang, Y., Lu, H.: Deep cross-modal projection learning for image-text matching. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 686–701 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Zheng, K., Liu, W., Liu, J., Zha, Z.J., Mei, T.: Hierarchical gumbel att ention network for text-based person search. In: Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM), pp. 3441–3449 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Zheng, Z., Zheng, L., Garrett, M., Yang, Y., Xu, M., Shen, Y.D.: Dual-path convolutional image-text embeddings with instance loss. ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl. (TOMM) 16(2), 1–23 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Zhong, Z., Zheng, L., Kang, G., Li, S., Yang, Y.: Random erasing data augmentation. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), vol. 34, pp. 13001–13008 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Zhu, A., et al.: DSSL: deep surroundings-person separation learning for text-based person retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM), pp. 209–217 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62102205).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ruizhi Qiao or Xiao Wang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Shu, X. et al. (2023). See Finer, See More: Implicit Modality Alignment for Text-Based Person Retrieval. In: Karlinsky, L., Michaeli, T., Nishino, K. (eds) Computer Vision – ECCV 2022 Workshops. ECCV 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13805. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25072-9_42

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25072-9_42

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-25071-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-25072-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics