Abstract
While the USA has seen a decrease in cigarette smoking rates since the initial Surgeon General’s report in 1964, both tobacco health disparities and the percentage of high school youth who use tobacco products have increased. The emergence of new tobacco products, the changing characteristics of individuals who use tobacco products, and inconsistent implementation of policies, particularly in socially disadvantaged populations, have created new challenges in fighting the tobacco epidemic and resultant harms. In this chapter, we start with highlighting 3 major achievements in tobacco control over the past 15 years: (1) Signing of the Tobacco Control Act in 2009; (2) Finalizing the “Deeming Rule” in 2016; and (3) Tobacco 21 becoming national law in 2021. We then discuss federal, state, and global tobacco control policies, highlighting major achievements at each of these levels, and call attention to continuing challenges. Finally, we outline policy recommendations to reduce smoking prevalence and attributable morbidity and mortality.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
United States Public Health Service. Smoking and health: report of the advisory committee to the surgeon general of the public health service. Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; 1964.
Cornelius ME, Loretan CG, Wang TW, Jamal A, Homa DM. Tobacco product use among adults - United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(11):397–405.
Wang TW, Gentzke AS, Creamer MR, Cullen KA, Holder-Hayes E, Sawdey MD, et al. Tobacco product use and associated factors among middle and high school students—United States, 2019. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2019;68(12):1–22.
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/by_topic/policy/legislation/index.htm.
Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. U.S. Statutes at Large. 2009. p. 1776. Public Law 111–31.
Lundeen RE. Tobacco under the FDA: a summary of the family smoking prevention and tobacco control act. Health Care Law Mon. 2009;2009(9):2–9.
Backinger CL, Meissner HI, Ashley DL. The FDA “deeming rule” and tobacco regulatory research. Tob Regul Sci. 2016;2(3):290–3.
Food and Drug Administration HHS. Deeming tobacco products to be subject to the Federal Food, drug, and cosmetic act, as amended by the family smoking prevention and tobacco control act; restrictions on the Sale and distribution of tobacco products and required warning statements for tobacco products. Final rule. Fed Regist. 2016;81(90):28973–9106.
Zeller M. The deeming rule: keeping pace with the modern tobacco marketplace. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;194(5):538–40.
Bonnie RJ, Stratton K, Kwan LY, editors. Public health implications of raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2015.
https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/retail-sales-tobacco-products/tobacco-21.
https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/public-health-education/real-cost-campaign.
Azagba S, Sharaf MF. The effect of graphic cigarette warning labels on smoking behavior: evidence from the Canadian experience. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15(3):708–17.
Jung M. Implications of graphic cigarette warning labels on smoking behavior: an international perspective. J Cancer Prev. 2016;21(1):21–5.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. Required warnings for cigarette packages and advertisements. Final rule (21 CFR Part 1141). Fed Regist. 2011;76(120):36628–777.
Luke DA, Krauss M. Where there’s smoke there’s money: tobacco industry campaign contributions and U.S. congressional voting. Am J Prev Med. 2004;27(5):363–72.
US Food and Drug Administration. Tobacco products scientific advisory committee (TPSAC). Menthol cigarettes and public health: review of the scientific evidence and recommendations. Rockville, MD: US Food and Drug Administration; 2011.
Fagan P, Eissenberg T, Jones DM, Cohen JE, Nez Henderson P, Clanton MS. The first 10 years: reflecting on opportunities and challenges of the tobacco products scientific advisory committee of the United States food and drug administration. J Leg Med. 2020;40(3–4):293–320.
https://www.thoracic.org/advocacy/resources/07-13-18-ats-low-nicotine-comments-kc-submitted.pdf.
USFDA. CTP glossary—Tobacco Product: USFDA. 2017. https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/compliance-enforcement-training/ctp-glossary.
Puffbar. Puffbar about—Tobacco Free: Cool Clouds Distribution Inc. 2021. https://puffbar.com/pages/about-puff-ba.
Park-Lee E, Ren C, Sawdey MD, Gentzke AS, Cornelius M, Jamal A, et al. Notes from the field: E-cigarette use among middle and high school students—National youth tobacco survey, United States, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(39):1387–9.
Levy DT, Tam J, Kuo C, Fong GT, Chaloupka F. The impact of implementing tobacco control policies: the 2017 tobacco control policy scorecard. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2018;24(5):448–57.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults: a report of the surgeon general. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2012.
GovTrack.us. S. 4524—116th Congress: Quit Because of COVID–19 Act. 2022. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/116/s4524.
GovTrack.us. H.R.2786—117th Congress: Tobacco Tax Equity Act of 2021. 2022. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/117/hr2786/summary.
Merianos AL, Gordon JS, Wood KJ, Mahabee-Gittens EM. National Institutes of Health funding for tobacco control: 2006 and 2016. Am J Health Promot. 2019;33(2):279–84.
https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/view/ncacal-decision-memo.aspx?proposed=N&ncaid=130.
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/stateandcommunity/tobacco-control/index.htm.
Peruga A, López MJ, Martinez C, Fernández E. Tobacco control policies in the 21st century: achievements and open challenges. Mol Oncol. 2021;15(3):744–52.
Kaleta D, Kozieł A, Miśkiewicz P. MPOWER--strategy for fighting the global tobacco epidemic. Med Pr. 2009;60(2):145–9.
https://www.gatesfoundation.org/our-work/programs/global-policy-and-advocacy/tobacco-control.
Levy DT, Yuan Z, Luo Y, Mays D. Seven years of progress in tobacco control: an evaluation of the effect of nations meeting the highest level MPOWER measures between 2007 and 2014. Tob Control. 2018;27(1):50–7.
Chung-Hall J, Craig L, Gravely S, Sansone N, Fong GT. Impact of the WHO FCTC over the first decade: a global evidence review prepared for the impact assessment expert group. Tob Control. 2019;28(Suppl 2):s119–s28.
Ahluwalia IB, Arrazola RA, Zhao L, Shi J, Dean A, Rainey E, et al. Tobacco use and tobacco-related behaviors - 11 countries, 2008-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(41):928–33.
World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2021: addressing new and emerging products. World Healthe Organization; 2021. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/343287
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Ethics declarations
Hasmeena Kathuria is a section editor for UpToDate (Tobacco Dependence Treatment). Michelle Eakin and Gary Ewart report no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kathuria, H., Ewart, G., Eakin, M.N. (2023). Tobacco Control Policies to Reduce Tobacco Use. In: Eakin, M.N., Kathuria, H. (eds) Tobacco Dependence. Respiratory Medicine. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24914-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24914-3_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-24913-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-24914-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)