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Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Diseases: Cardioprotection, Complications and Therapeutics

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Nitric Oxide: From Research to Therapeutics

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 22))

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Abstract

Perpetually increasing cardiovascular complications significantly contribute to economic slow-down in developing nations. Indeed, adverse cardiovascular events are among the world’s greatest mortality factors. The underlying cause behind these events is hypertension, which in advance stages, manifests with the development of multifactorial outcomes ultimately leading to organ damage and subsequent death of the individual. One of the major reasons behind the onset of hypertension is endothelial dysfunction, a physiological and clinical situation where normal functions of vascular endothelium are altered. This alteration results in a lack of proper production as well as the distribution of nitric oxide, which is a potent vasorelaxant. Efforts to maintain adequate NO signaling are always in practice. One of such approaches is targeting cytochrome b5 reductase3 at the myoendothelial junction, an anatomical location between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. This chapter highlights the production and distribution of NO by nitric oxide synthases and cytochrome b5 reductase3, respectively, its contribution in various cascades of vascular homeostasis and its established role in cardiovascular disorders followed by different strategies and a glimpse of the clinical studies considered to improve NO signaling in vivo.

Gaurav Kumar and Sanjay Kumar Dey have contributed equally.

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Acknowledgements

All authors of this chapter are grateful to the Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India, for supporting this study. The authors are thankful to Pixabay for supporting the artwork of Figure 3.3. SK acknowledges the Department of Biochemistry (DBT), Government of India, for the financial assistance (vide Grant IDs: BT/PR13531/MED/30/1523/2015, BT/PR8391/BRB/10/1231/2013 and BT/01/COE/07/UDSC/2008). SK is thankful to the University of Delhi (R&D; Institution of Eminence) and University Grants Commission (UGC-SAP) for financial support. SK also acknowledges Department of Science and Technology (DST-PURSE) and Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Government of India for providing the necessary funding. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is acknowledged by GK for providing research fellowship. SKD acknowledges Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, India for various help to complete this work.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India

    Gaurav Kumar, Sanjay Kumar Dey & Suman Kundu

  2. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Sanjay Kumar Dey

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India

    Arunabha Ray

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Kavita Gulati

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Kumar, G., Dey, S.K., Kundu, S. (2023). Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Diseases: Cardioprotection, Complications and Therapeutics. In: Ray, A., Gulati, K. (eds) Nitric Oxide: From Research to Therapeutics. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24778-1_3

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