Risk Governance Policies for Sustainable Use of Nanomaterials

Chauhan, Pooja; Sharma, Priyanka; Chaudhary, Savita; Kumar, Rajeev

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24416-2_11

Pooja Chauhan¹³,
Priyanka Sharma¹⁴,
Savita Chaudhary¹³ &
…
Rajeev Kumar¹⁴

Part of the book series: Environmental Contamination Remediation and Management ((ENCRMA))

91 Accesses

Abstract

The innovational research in the field of nanotechnology is aimed to support and transform every sphere of human lifestyle. However, the environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials remains the topic of debate among researchers. Nano-components, more specifically nanoparticles, may have produced adverse effects on flora and fauna if accidently or deliberately released into the environment. Till date, there are no specific regulatory policies for the safe use of nanomaterials as they are considered under the broad categories of hazardous chemicals and reactive wastes. The regulations of nanomaterials cannot be similar to the bulk materials due to the huge gap in their properties. The rules should be based upon the scientific understanding of the nanomaterials. With the ongoing globalization of nanomaterials, international coordination, and harmonization, there is an urgent need for making the sound regulatory approaches for the safer use of nanomaterials. This chapter reviews and outlines the risk associated with nanomaterials, current regulatory approaches, and efforts in developing the sustainable nanotechnology.

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Authors and Affiliations

Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Pooja Chauhan & Savita Chaudhary
Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Priyanka Sharma & Rajeev Kumar

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Pooja Chauhan
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Priyanka Sharma
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Savita Chaudhary
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Rajeev Kumar
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Editors and Affiliations

Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, India
Raman Kumar
Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Rajeev Kumar
Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Savita Chaudhary

Appendices

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. The issues of risks associated with the excessive release of nanomaterials in the environment are recognized through
1. (a)
  Risk governance
2. (b)
  Standard operating parameters
3. (c)
  Sustainable development
4. (d)
  Risk treatment
Question 2. Sustainable development of nanomaterials related to the
1. (a)
  Risk treatment
2. (b)
  Computing and biochemical analytics
3. (c)
  Consumption of the goods and resources
4. (d)
  Risk governance
Question 3. According to “tipping scales” and “nano Bhopal,” the field of nanotechnology is considered as the search for
1. (a)
  Stagnation
2. (b)
  Novelty
3. (c)
  Utilization of resources
4. (d)
  Risk governance
Question 4. The common risk assessment methods for safer use of nanomaterials depend upon
1. (a)
  LCA
2. (b)
  FTA
3. (c)
  Nanotechnology assessment
4. (d)
  All of above
Question 5. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) have been considered as the important platform for analyzing the
1. (a)
  Safer use of chemical components
2. (b)
  Utilization of nanotoxicity
3. (c)
  Knowledge of hazardous substances
4. (d)
  All of above
Question 6. In 2010, SECO has provided the application of SDS guidelines for nanomaterials such as
1. (a)
  SECOKAT (photocatalyst)
2. (b)
  NANO-BLOGGO (surface finisher)
3. (c)
  a & b (both)
4. (d)
  None of above
Question 7. In Australia, a national policy body known as Safe Work Australia (SWA) was established for investigating out the major points of SDS for nano range materials in the year
1. (a)
  2012
2. (b)
  2018
3. (c)
  2010
4. (d)
  None of above
Question 8. To qualify and demonstrate the scientific research and their ability for technological expansion, which proposal was established
1. (a)
  Five-year plans (1980–1985)
2. (b)
  IRHPA
3. (c)
  All of above
4. (d)
  None of above
Question 9. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has analyzed that SDS has formatted during the year of
1. (a)
  2008–2018
2. (b)
  2007–2011
3. (c)
  2015–2017
4. (d)
  None of above
Question 10. The toxic nature of material can be controlled from the
1. (a)
  Sustainability use
2. (b)
  Precursor
3. (c)
  Physicochemical properties of parent material
4. (d)
  All of above

Short Questions

Question 1. Explain the concept of risk governance in terms of sustainability.
Question 2. Explain sustainable development in the field of nanotechnology and upon what factor it depends upon.
Question 3. Explain different factors upon which risk assessment of nanomaterial sustainability depends.
Question 4. Explain different parameters that are related to risk treatment in nanotechnology.
Question 5. What are the key points for the development of nanomaterials according to safety data sheets?

Multiple Choice Question Answers

Answer 1. (a)
Answer 2. (c)
Answer 3. (b)
Answer 4. (d)
Answer 5. (d)
Answer 6. (c)
Answer 7. (c)
Answer 8. (c)
Answer 9. (b)
Answer 10. (d)

Short Question Answers

Answer 1. Risk governance here refers to the application of the governing approach to tackle the issues of risks associated with the excessive release of nanomaterials in the environment. In particular, the governance works in portions, that is, firstly, the risk governance recognizes that decisions about issues of risks are not perspectives of the group of people rather those are scientifically evident facts. After the validation and assessment of risks, the preventive or safety frameworks are designed. The designing of the framework mainly involved the scientific, aesthetic, and administrative factors. In addition, all the financial feasibility aspects need to be taken care for the proper management of environmental impact of hazardous materials.
Answer 2. “Sustainable development” refers to the production and consumption of goods and resources in a manner that the needs of the current generations can be satisfied without compromising, limiting, or threatening the needs and environmental conditions of future generations. For nanotechnology, a wealth of applications has been proposed. For instance, nanotechnology enables the manufacturing process with lesser energy consumption and waste generations, thus saving the expenditure on carbon trading. Nanotechnology is not restricted to the production of nanoparticles but can also be a decisive step of complex productions. Such ways lead to the macro productions of products. For instance, the potential application of nano-based catalysts in the sector of energy production. On a bigger approach, certain converging technologies involve various macro-production and result in “meta-technologies” such as computing and biochemical analytics. The interdependence of these technologies with each other has shown that attributing sustainability to any technology is very tricky due to the intertwined network of production protocols.
Answer 3. Many scientific methods have been developed to estimate the sustainability of the nanomaterials. These methods mainly focus on the understanding of environmental and the societal and economic dimensions of chosen particles. The common risk assessment methods for safer use of nanomaterials have been discussed below:
1. (a)
  Life cycle assessment
2. (b)
  Future technology analyses
3. (c)
  Nanotechnology assessment
Answer 4. The concept of risk treatment for the sustainable development of nanotechnology majorly depends upon four factors such as:
1. (a)
  Involvement of social, economic, and biophysical factors
2. (b)
  Guidance on how to use and deal
3. (c)
  Consider future cycle for the remediation
4. (d)
  Participation and contribution to the assurance
Answer 5. The international organization for standardization includes safety data sheets (SDS) for the synthesis of nanoparticles, utilization, and their practical analysis. Following are the key points that are included for the formatting of SDS:
- The marking of SDS data should be very fast, due to enlargement in data availability.
- Transparent and strong information should be provided for the nanoparticles when CAS number of bulk materials is used.
- Statement and assertion should be provided when toxicological evidence is not accessible.
- Declaration of statement provided for the exposure limits and application of bulk and nanomaterials.

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Chauhan, P., Sharma, P., Chaudhary, S., Kumar, R. (2023). Risk Governance Policies for Sustainable Use of Nanomaterials. In: Kumar, R., Kumar, R., Chaudhary, S. (eds) Advanced Functional Nanoparticles "Boon or Bane" for Environment Remediation Applications. Environmental Contamination Remediation and Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24416-2_11

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24416-2_11
Published: 18 May 2023
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-24415-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-24416-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)

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