Skip to main content

Fog Collectors Systems with IoT Sensors in the Andes and Coastal Regions of Ecuador Southamerica and Data Processing

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Intelligent Technologies: Design and Applications for Society (CITIS 2022)

Abstract

Worldwide, one in three people do not have access to safe drinking water, and two out of five people do not have a basic facility for washing hands with soap and water, according to goal 6 Sustainable Development of United Nations, clean water and sanitation. Due to different meteorological factors that are happening today altering the water cycle and therefore making its regeneration more difficult. The use of fog and obtaining atmospheric water becomes crucial for low-income communities where their supply is limited for their needs. The objectives of this work were to describe the seven fog collector systems that have been installed in various areas of Ecuador, as well as the implementation of IoT sensors to measure some climatic variables in conjunction with the capacity to capture water from the fog, finally, make correlation and covariance matrices of the data generated by the sensors. The fog collector system that worked best was that of Galte Laime with an average water intake of 1.91 L/m2/day. The correlation matrix shows strong positive relationships among temperature, environmental light, and battery.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ghosh, R., Ganguly, R.: Fog harvesting from cooling towers using metal mesh: effects of aerodynamic, deposition, and drainage efficiencies. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A J. Power Energy 234(7), 994–1014 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/0957650919890711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Qadir, M., Jiménez, G.C., Farnum, R.L., Trautwein, P.: Research history and functional systems of fog water harvesting. Front. Water 3, 1–11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2021.675269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Qadir, M., Jiménez, G.C., Farnum, R.L., Dodson, L.L., Smakhtin, V.: Fog water collection: challenges beyond technology. Water 10(4), 372 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Tan, F.J., Estanislao, M.A.P., Gregorio, A.M.A., Navea, I.J.D.: The potential of fog harvesting in tropical highlands as an alternative water resource: the case of Atok, Benguet, Philippines. In: E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 117, p. 00007. EDP Sciences (2019). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911700007

  5. Ismail, Z., Go, Y.I.: Fog-to-water for water scarcity in climate-change hazards hotspots: pilot study in Southeast Asia. Glob. Chall. 5(5), 2000036 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202000036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bhushan, B.: Design of water harvesting towers and projections for water collection from fog and condensation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 378(2167), 20190440 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Duque Pardo, V., Mora Estupiñan, M.C., Muñoz Cardenas, L.M.: Análisis de viabilidad de captación de agua atmosférica como fuente alterna de abastecimiento para el municipio de Villavicencio, Meta, p. 14 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lyu, Y., Yin, P.: Internet of Things transmission and network reliability in complex environment. Comput. Commun. 150, 757–763 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2019.11.054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Nasir, M., Muhammad, K., Bellavista, P., Lee, M.Y., Sajjad, M.: Prioritization and alert fusion in distributed IoT sensors using Kademlia based distributed hash tables. IEEE Access 8, 175194–175204 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3017009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Quiñones-Cuenca, M., González-Jaramillo, V., Torres, R., Jumbo, M.: Monitoring system of environmental variables using a wireless sensor network and platforms of internet of things. Enfoque UTE 8(1), 329–343 (2017). https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v8n1.139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. U.D.L.F.A.E. DECTC: Grupo de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental – GICA (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  12. The Things Industries: “The things network,” What are LoRa and LoRaWAN? (2022). https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/what-is-lorawan/

  13. The Things Industry: “The Things Stack,” What is the Things Stack? (2022). https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/getting-started/what-is-tts/

  14. The Things Industries: “The Things Outdoor Gateway,” The things network (2022). https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/gateways/thethingsoutdoor/

  15. Carrera-Villacrés, D.V., Robalino, I.C., Rodríguez, F.F., Sandoval, W.R., Hidalgo, D.L., Toulkeridis, T.: An innovative fog catcher system applied in the Andean communities of Ecuador. Trans. ASABE 60(6), 1917–1923 (2017). https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Gómez García, A.J., Quinteros Carabalí, J.A.: Diseño e implementación de torres atrapanieblas (3D) y ecosistema informático de monitoreo con internet de las cosas y aprendizaje automático. Universidad Central del Ecuador (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Cárdenas Espinoza, C.A., Moncayo Basurto, A.D.: Diseño e Implementación de sistemas de captación de agua lluvia y condensación atmosférica tipo “Warka water” en la parroquia Palmira, Provincia de Chimborazo. Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Villacrés, D.C., Carrera Villacrés, J.L., Braun, T., Zhao, Z., Gómez, J., Carabalí, J.Q.: Fog harvesting and IoT based environment monitoring system at the Ilalo volcano in Ecuador. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol. 10(1), 407–412 (2020). https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.1.10775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Carrera-Villacrés, D.V., et al.: Relationship between the morphometric and physicochemical parameters of the Urkuhuayku microbasin where the Urku Yaku 2.0 fog collector system tower is located. In: LACCEI International Multi-conference for Engineering, Education and Technology, p. 11 (2020). https://doi.org/10.18687/LACCEI2020.1.1.161

  20. Núñez-González, G., Velázquez-Pérez, D., Pelayo-Cortés, F.J., Barboza-Jiménez, P.: Analysis of reference evapotranspiration behavior during the rainy season at five weather stations in the Lerma-Chapala basin. Ing. Agrícola Biosist. 11(2), 147–159 (2019). https://doi.org/10.5154/r.inagbi.2018.06.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Gómez, J.E., Marcillo, F.R., Triana, F.L., Gallo, V.T., Oviedo, B.W., Hernández, V.L.: IoT for environmental variables in urban areas. Procedia Comput. Sci. 109, 67–74 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.05.296

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Vinicio Carrera-Villacrés .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Carrera-Villacrés, D.V., Carrera-Villacrés, F.B., Carrera Villacrés, J.L., Vernaza, L. (2023). Fog Collectors Systems with IoT Sensors in the Andes and Coastal Regions of Ecuador Southamerica and Data Processing. In: Robles-Bykbaev, V., Mula, J., Reynoso-Meza, G. (eds) Intelligent Technologies: Design and Applications for Society. CITIS 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 607. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24327-1_23

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics