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Implications of Renin-Angiotensin System in Health and Disease

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The Renin Angiotensin System in Cancer, Lung, Liver and Infectious Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 25))

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Abstract

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of major neuro-endocrine entity which is intimately involved in regulating the cellular functions and metabolic activities in the body. The activation of RAS results in the formation and release of angiotensin II mainly as well as angiotensin 1–7 through the participation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and its homolog ACE2, respectively. Angiotensin II upon activating the angiotensin type 1 receptors (AT1R) is known to produce a wide variety of effects namely vasoconstriction, fluid retention, fibrosis and thrombosis in addition to promoting oxidative stress, inflammation and hypertrophic process. On the other hand, angiotensin II by activating the angiotensin type 2 receptors (AT2R) produces effects which are antagonists to those due to AT1R activation. Furthermore, angiotensin 1–7 has been shown to activate Mas receptors and exert actions which are similar to those for AT2R activation but antagonists to those for AT1R activation. The effects of AT1R activation during initial stages of pathological stimulus are considered to be of adaptive nature for maintaining homeostasis in all organs but over a prolonged period it is known to produce adverse effects which are associated with the development of diverse diseases. Although the activation of both AT2R and Mas receptor is antagonistic to AT1R activation, the exact role of these receptor systems at different stages of disease progression and organ dysfunction remains to be investigated.

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Acknowledgements

The infrastructure support for the preparation of this chapter was provided by California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Anureet K. Shah

  2. Department of Molecular Medicine and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA

    Sushma Yadav

  3. Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Hoda Yeganehjoo

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  1. Anureet K. Shah
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  2. Sushma Yadav
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  3. Hoda Yeganehjoo
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Correspondence to Anureet K. Shah .

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  1. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Sukhwinder K. Bhullar

  2. Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Paramjit S. Tappia

  3. Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

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Shah, A.K., Yadav, S., Yeganehjoo, H. (2023). Implications of Renin-Angiotensin System in Health and Disease. In: Bhullar, S.K., Tappia, P.S., Dhalla, N.S. (eds) The Renin Angiotensin System in Cancer, Lung, Liver and Infectious Diseases. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 25. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23621-1_1

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