Skip to main content

Building the Bridge to Anti-Racist, Equitable, and Inclusive Practices: Translational Developmental Science for a Diverse Society

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Diversity and Developmental Science

Abstract

Critical issues facing diverse minoritized children and families include socializing and developing an affirming racial-ethnic identity at a time when social justice, anti-immigrant sentiment, and discrimination across multiple racial-ethnic groups are in the foreground. Developmental science is attuned to these vital areas of research on the experiences of diverse racial-ethnic families who have been marginalized in the United States for far too long. This chapter builds upon the previous chapters in the volume, offering suggestions for translating the relevant conceptual, measurement, and empirical research into actionable practices and policies in family, school, and community contexts. This chapter focuses on prevention and intervention approaches that are anti-racist, equitable, and culturally relevant, in the context of systemic racism. We also challenge developmental science to train more community-engaged scientist-practitioners who tackle macro-level, historical, and structural inequalities that greatly affect the lives of an increasingly diverse US population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Latino is an appropriate term to refer to populations that include Latina females and Latino males. To facilitate clarity of presentation and reading fluidity, we use the term Latino (or Latinos) to refer to both men and women in this chapter. The term Latinx, also used as a gender-neutral or nonbinary alternative, will be used to match language reported in previous literature.

References

  • Afterschool Alliance. (2021). America after 3pm for black families and communities. http://afterschoolalliance.org/documents/AA3PM-2020/AA3PM-Black-Communities-2020-Fact-Sheet.pdf

  • Anderson, R. E., & Stevenson, H. C. (2019). RECASTing racial stress and trauma: Theorizing the healing potential of racial socialization in families. American Psychologist, 74(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000392

  • Ahmed, S. M., & Palermo, A. G. S. (2010). Community engagement in research: Frameworks for education and peer review. American Journal of Public Health, 100(8), 1380–1387. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.178137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bañales, J., Pinetta, B. J., Singh, S., Rodriguez, A. J., Aldanda, A., & Gutuirrez, F. J. (2023). Centering youth voice in developmental science: A research road map for partnerships with Latinx youth. In D. P. Witherspoon & G. L. Steins (Eds.), Diversity and developmental science: Bridging the gaps between research, practice, and policy. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbarin, O. A., Tolan, P. H., Gaylord-Harden, N., & Murry, V. M. (2020). Promoting social justice for African-American boys and young men through research and intervention: A challenge for developmental science. Applied Developmental Science, 24(3), 196–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2019.1702880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benner, A. D., & Wang, Y. (2017). Racial/ethnic discrimination and adolescents’ well-being: The role of cross-ethnic friendships and friends’ experiences of discrimination. Child Development, 88(2), 493–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, M., & Sarnyai, Z. (2015). “More than skin deep”: Stress neurobiology and mental health consequences of racial discrimination. Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 18(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2014.989204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernal, G., & Sáez-Santiago, E. (2006). Culturally centered psychosocial interventions. Journal of Community Psychology, 34(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20096

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2009). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brittian Loyd, A., & Williams, B. V. (2017). The potential for youth programs to promote African American youth’s development of ethnic and racial identity. Child Development Perspectives, 11(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, C. S. (2017). School context influences the ethnic identity development of immigrant children in middle childhood. Social Development, 26(4), 797–812. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, C. M., Wickrama, K. A. S., Bolland, J., Bryant, B. M., Cutrona, C. E., & Stanik, C. E. (2010). Race matters, even in marriage: Identifying factors linked to marital outcomes for African Americans. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 2(3), 157–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2589.2010.00051.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith-Bynum, M. (2023). The theory of racial socialization in action for black adolescents and their families. In D. P. Witherspoon & G. L. Steins (Eds.), Diversity and developmental science: Bridging the gaps between research, practice, and policy. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrd, C. M. (2015). The associations of intergroup interactions and school racial socialization with academic motivation. The Journal of Educational Research, 108(1), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2013.831803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byrd, C. M. (2017). The complexity of school racial climate: Reliability and validity of a new measure for secondary students. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 87(4), 700–721. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, C. H., Antonakos, C. L., Assari, S., Kruger, D., Hill De Loney, E., & Njai, R. (2014). Pathways to prevention: Improving nonresident African American fathers’ parenting skills and behaviors to reduce sons’ aggression. Child Development, 85(1), 308–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castro, F. G., Barrera, M., Jr., & Martinez, C. R., Jr. (2004). The cultural adaptation of prevention interventions: Resolving tensions between fidelity and fit. Prevention Science, 5(1), 41–45. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PREV.0000013980.12412.cd

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caughy, M., Randolph Cunningham, S. M., & Calzada, E. (2023). Building collaborative teams and conducting ethical research in the Spirit of 2044: The complexity of conducting research in communities of color. In D. P. Witherspoon & G. L. Steins (Eds.), Diversity and developmental science: Bridging the gaps between research, practice, and policy. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1997). Principles of community engagement. CDC/ATSDR Committee on Community Engagement.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Principles of community engagement (2nd ed.). NIH Publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudry, A., Capps, R., Pedroza, J. M., Castaneda, R. M., Santos, R., & Scott, M. M. (2010). Facing our future: Children in the aftermath of immigration enforcement. Urban Institute (NJ1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chetty, R., Hendren, N., & Katz, L. F. (2016). The effects of exposure to better neighborhoods on children: New evidence from the moving to opportunity experiment. American Economic Review, 106(4), 855–902. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cobb, C. L., Salas-Wright, C. P., John, R., Schwartz, S. J., Vaughn, M., Martínez, J., Charles, R., Awad, G., Pinedo, M., & Cano, M. Á. (2021). Discrimination trends and mental health among native- and foreign-born Latinos: Results from national surveys in 2004 and 2013. Prevention Science, 22(3), 397–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-020-01186-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, S. M., Smalls-Glover, C., Metzger, I., & Griffin, C. (2015). African American fathers’ racial socialization patterns: Associations with racial identity beliefs and discrimination experiences. Family Relations, 64(2), 278–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coughlan, R. W. (2018). Divergent trends in neighborhood and school segregation in the age of school choice. Peabody Journal of Education, 93(4), 349–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2018.1488385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crenshaw, K., Gotanda, N., Pellar, G., & Thomas, K. (Eds.). (1995). Critical race theory. New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cross, F. L., Agi, A., Montoro, J. P., Medina, M. A., Miller-Tejada, S., Pinetta, B. J., et al. (2020). Illuminating ethnic-racial socialization among undocumented Latinx parents and its implications for adolescent psychosocial functioning. Developmental Psychology, 56(8), 1458–1474. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000826

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Brey, C., Musu, L., McFarland, J., Wilkinson-Flicker, S., Diliberti, M., Zhang, A., Branstetter, C., & Wang, X. (2019). Status and trends in the education of racial and ethnic groups 2018 (NCES 2019-038). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/

  • Douglass, F. (1857, May). Two speeches, by Frederick Douglass; one on West India emancipation, delivered at Canandaigua, Aug. 4th, and the other on the Dred Scott decision, delivered in New York, on the occasion of the anniversary of the American Abolition Society. CP Dewey, printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, G., & Le Menestrel, S. (2019). A roadmap to reducing child poverty. Consensus Study Report. National Academies Press. 500 Fifth Street NW, Washington, DC 20001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J., & Gootman, J. (2002). Community programs to promote youth development. National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Huidobro, D., Doty, J. L., Davis, L., Borowsky, I. W., & Allen, M. L. (2018). For whom do parenting interventions to prevent adolescent substance use work? Prevention Science, 19(4), 570–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0853-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godwin, J. W., & The Conduct Problems Research Group. (2020). The Fast Track intervention’s impact on behaviors of despair in adolescence and young adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(50), 31748–31753. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016234117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goff, P. A., & Rau, H. (2020). Predicting bad policing: Theorizing burdensome and racially disparate policing through the lenses of social psychology and routine activities. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 687(1), 67–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716220901349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S., Munniksma, A., & Juvonen, J. (2014). Psychosocial benefits of cross-ethnic friendships in urban middle schools. Child Development, 85(2), 469–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, E. L. (2021). Black lives matter, she wrote. Then ‘everything just imploded.’ New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/10/us/politics/maryland-superintendent-racism-black-lives-matter.html

  • Griner, D., & Smith, T. B. (2006). Culturally adapted mental health intervention: A meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(4), 531–548. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.43.4.531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, D. B., & The Multi-Site Violence Prevention Project. (2012). Mediators of effects of a selective family-focused violence prevention approach for middle school students. Prevention Science, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-011-0245-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henry-Campbell, S., & Hadeed, S. (2017). Managing a diverse workforce. In Encyclopedia of strategic leadership and management (pp. 953–964). IGI Global.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez Donald, J., & Napierala Jeffrey, S. (2013). Diverse children: Race, ethnicity, and immigration in America’s new non-majority generation. Foundation for Child Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrnstein, R. J., & Murray, C. (2010). The bell curve: Intelligence and class structure in American life. Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, N. E., Castellino, D. R., Lansford, J. E., Nowlin, P., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (2004). Parent academic involvement as related to school behavior, achievement, and aspirations: Demographic variations across adolescence. Child Development, 75(5), 1491–1509. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00753.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hope, E. C., & Spencer, M. B. (2017). Civic engagement as an adaptive coping response to conditions of inequality: An application of Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory (PVEST). In N. J. Cabrera & B. Leyendecker (Eds.), Handbook on positive development of minority children and youth (pp. 421–435). Springer Science + Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43645-6_25

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Huston, A. C., Gupta, A. E., Walker, J. T., Dowsett, C. J., Epps, S. R., Imes, A. E., & McLoyd, V. C. (2011). The long-term effects on children and adolescents of a policy providing work supports for low-income parents. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 30(4), 729–754. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.20613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, A. G., Coard, S. I., Fine, M. A., & Rudy, D. (2018). The central roles of race and racism in reframing family systems theory: A consideration of choice and time. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 10(2), 419–433. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitzman, H. J., Olds, D. L., Cole, R. E., Hanks, C. A., Anson, E. A., Arcoleo, K. J., Luckey, D. W., Knudtson, M. D., Henderson, C. R., & Holmberg, J. R. (2010). Enduring effects of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses on children: Follow-up of a randomized trial among children at age 12 years. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(5), 412–418. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kozol, J. (1992). Savage inequalities: Children in America’s schools. Perennial Harper Collins, Crown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ladson-Billings, G. (2014). Culturally relevant pedagogy 2.0: A. K. A. the remix. Harvard Educational Review, 84(1), 74–84. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.84.1.p2rj131485484751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Murry, V. M., Smith, E. P., Bowers, E. P., Geldhof, G. J., & Buckingham, M. H. (2021). Positive youth development in 2020: Theory, research, programs, and the promotion of social justice. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 31(4), 1114–1134. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leventhal, T., Fauth, R. C., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2005). Neighborhood poverty and public policy: A 5-year follow-up of children’s educational outcomes in the New York City moving to opportunity demonstration. Developmental Psychology, 41(6), 933–952. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.6.933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, M. H., Gonzalez-Barrera, A., & Krogstad, J. M. (2018). More Latinos have serious concerns about their place in America under Trump. Pew Research Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzo-Blanco, E., Stein, G. L., Lee, R. M., & Ferguson, G. M. (2023). Acculturation and enculturation: The intersection of representational ethics, measurement, and conceptualization. In D. P. Witherspoon & G. L. Steins (Eds.), Diversity and developmental science: Bridging the gaps between research, practice, and policy. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, J., Liebman, J. B., Kling, J. R., Duncan, G. J., Katz, L. F., Kessler, R. C., & Sanbonmatsu, L. (2008). What can we learn about neighborhood effects from the moving to opportunity experiment? American Journal of Sociology, 114(1), 144–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massey, D. S. (2015). The legacy of the 1968 fair housing act. Sociological Forum (Randolph, N.J.), 30(Suppl 1), 571–588. https://doi.org/10.1111/socf.12178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews, C. J., Josefina Bañales, N., Christophe, K., Briggs, A. S., & Hope, E. C. (2023). Action, but make it critical: The measurement and developmental processes of critical action for black and Latinx youth. In D. P. Witherspoon & G. L. Steins (Eds.), Diversity and developmental science: Bridging the gaps between research, practice, and policy. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattis, J. S., Fontenot, D. L., Hatcher-Kay, C. A., Grayman, N. A., & Beale, R. L. (2004). Religiosity, optimism, and pessimism among African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology, 30(2), 187–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798403260730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKnight, J. L., & Kretzmann, J. L. (1996). Mapping community capacity. Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murry, V. M., Berkel, C., Brody, G. H., Gibbons, M., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). The Strong African American Families program: Longitudinal pathways to sexual risk reduction. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(4), 333–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.04.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murry, V. M., Butler-Barnes, S. T., Mayo-Gamble, T. L., & Inniss-Thompson, M. N. (2018). Excavating new constructs for family stress theories in the context of everyday life experiences of Black American families. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 10(2), 384–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murry, V. M., Gonzalez, C. M., Hanebutt, R. A., Bulgin, D., Coates, E. E., Inniss-Thompson, M. N., et al. (2021). Longitudinal study of the cascading effects of racial discrimination on parenting and adjustment among African American youth. Attachment & Human Development, 24, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2021.1976926

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nishina, A., Bellmore, A., Witkow, M. R., & Nylund-Gibson, K. (2010). Longitudinal consistency of adolescent ethnic identification across varying school ethnic contexts. Developmental Psychology, 46(6), 1389–1401. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020728

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noguera, P. (2008). Creating schools where race does not predict achievement: The role and significance of race in the racial achievement gap. The Journal of Negro Education, 77(2), 90–103. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25608673

    Google Scholar 

  • Olivos, E. M. (2004). Tensions, contradictions, and resistance: An activist’s reflection of the struggles of Latino parents in the public school system. The High School Journal, 87, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1353/hsj.2004.0012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parra-Cardona, J. R., Bybee, D., Sullivan, C. M., Domenech Rodríguez, M. M., Dates, B., Tams, L., & Bernal, G. (2017). Examining the impact of differential cultural adaptation with Latina/o immigrants exposed to adapted parent training interventions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Portes, A., & Rumbaut, R. G. (2014). Immigrant America. University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Poza, L., Brooks, M. D., & Valdés, G. (2014). “Entre familia”: Immigrant parents’ strategies for involvement in children’s schooling. School Community Journal, 24(1), 119–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reese, L. R. E., & Vera, E. M. (2007). Culturally relevant prevention: The scientific and practical considerations of community-based programs. The Counseling Psychologist, 35(6), 763–778. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000007304588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riggs, N. R., Bohnert, A. M., Guzman, M. D., & Davidson, D. (2010). Examining the potential of community-based afterschool programs for Latino youth. American Journal of Community Psychology, 45(3–4), 417–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-010-9313-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rivas-Drake, D., Montoro, J., & Agi, A. (2023). Canaries and bellwethers: What can we learn about racial justice from studying ethnic-racial identity within and across groups? In D. P. Witherspoon & G. L. Steins (Eds.), Diversity and developmental science: Bridging the gaps between research, practice, and policy. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Brown, F. V. (2009). Latino families: Culture and schooling. In E. G. Murillo, S. A. Villenas, R. T. Galvan, J. S. Munoz, C. Martinez, & M. Machado-Casas (Eds.), Handbook of Latinos and education: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 350–360).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowley, S. J., Burchinal, M. R., Roberts, J. E., & Zeisel, S. A. (2008). Racial identity, social context, and race-related social cognition in African Americans during middle childhood. Developmental Psychology, 44(6), 1537. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 918–924. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5328.918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, M. R., & Turner, K. M. T. (2019). The Triple P System: Parenting support for every family. In B. H. Fiese, M. Celano, K. Deater-Deckard, E. N. Jouriles, & M. A. Whisman (Eds.), APA handbook of contemporary family psychology: Family therapy and training (pp. 409–424). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/hp9q

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulze, E. D., & Mooney, H. A. (Eds.). (2012). Biodiversity and ecosystem function. Springer Science & Business Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seaton, E. K., Neblett, E. W., Upton, R. D., Hammond, W. P., & Sellers, R. M. (2011). The moderating capacity of racial identity between perceived discrimination and psychological well-being over time among African American youth. Child Development, 82(6), 1850–1867. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01651.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, S. B. (2007). Improving student attendance with school, family, and community partnerships. The Journal of Educational Research, 100(5), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.100.5.267-275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpkins, S. D., Riggs, N. R., Ngo, B., Vest Ettekal, A., & Okamoto, D. (2017). Designing culturally responsive organized afterschool activities. Journal of Adolescent Research, 32(1), 11–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558416666169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. P., Faulk, M., & Sizer, M. A. (2016). Exploring the meso-system: The roles of community, family, and peers in adolescent delinquency and positive youth development. Youth & Society, 48(3), 318–343. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X13491581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. P., Witherspoon, D. P., & Wayne Osgood, D. (2017). Positive youth development among diverse racial-ethnic children: Quality afterschool contexts as developmental assets. Child Development, 88(4), 1063–1078. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12870

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, H. N., & Sickmund, M. (2006). Juvenile offenders and victims: 2006 national report. U.S. Department of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suárez-Orozco, C. (2015). Migration between and within countries: Implications for families and acculturation. In L. A. Jensen (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of human development and culture: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 43–60). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suárez-Orozco, C., & Suárez-Orozco, M. M. (2009). Children of immigration. Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Texas State Legislature. (2021). H.B.A No. A3979 Section 28.002, Education Code, amended by Subsections (h-2), (h-3), (h-4), and (h-5). https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/87R/billtext/pdf/HB03979F.pdf#navpanes=0

  • Turner, K. L., & Brown, C. S. (2007). The centrality of gender and ethnic identities across individuals and contexts. Social Development, 16(4), 700–719. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00403.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census Bureau. (2021). Improved race and ethnicity measures reveal U.S. population is much more multiracial. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/improved-race-ethnicity-measures-reveal-united-states-population-much-more-multiracial.html

  • Umaña-Taylor, A. J., & Hill, N. E. (2020). Ethnic–racial socialization in the family: A Decade’s advance on precursors and outcomes. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 244–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vandell, D. L., Lee, K. T., Whitaker, A. A., & Pierce, K. M. (2020). Cumulative and differential effects of early child care and middle childhood out-of-school time on adolescent functioning. Child Development, 91(1), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vespa, J., Armstrong, D. M., & Medina, L. (2018). Demographic turning points for the United States: Population projections for 2020 to 2060. U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, M. T., Hill, N. E., & Hofkens, T. (2014). Parental involvement and African American and European American adolescents’ academic, behavioral, and emotional development in secondary school. Child Development, 85(6), 2151–2168. https://doi.org/ggs6dn

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts, R. J., & Flanagan, C. A. (2007). Pushing the envelope on youth civic engagement: A developmental and liberation psychology perspective. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(6), 779–792. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, A. S., Keener, A., Cabral, L., & Cordova-Cobo, D. (2019). The more things change, the more they stay the same: The resegregation of public schools via charter school reform. Peabody Journal of Education, 94(5), 471–492. https://doi.org/hp9s

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, S. M., & Graham, J. (2019). Cross-racial interactions in schools 65 years after Brown. Peabody Journal of Education, 94(5), 545–554. https://doi.org/hp9t

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. L., Anderson, R. E., Francois, A. G., Hussain, S., & Tolan, P. H. (2014). Ethnic identity and positive youth development in adolescent males: A culturally integrated approach. Applied Developmental Science, 18(2), 110–122. https://doi.org/ggk7hv

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Witherspoon, D. P., Daniels, L. L., Mason, A. E., & Smith, E. P. (2016). Racial-ethnic identity in context: Examining mediation of neighborhood factors on children’s academic adjustment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 57(1–2), 87–101. https://doi.org/f8n8wr

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wray-Lake, L., & Abrams, L. S. (2020). Pathways to civic engagement among urban youth of color. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 85(2), 7–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yancy, G. (2018). Backlash: What happens when we talk honestly about racism in America. Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yip, T., Cheah, C. S., Kiang, L., & Hall, G. C. N. (2021). Rendered invisible: Are Asian Americans a model or a marginalized minority? American Psychologist, 76(4), 575. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, D., Smith, E. P., & Oshri, A. (2021). Exploring racial–ethnic pride and perceived barriers in positive youth development: A latent profile analysis. Applied Developmental Science, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2019.1640607

  • Zarate, M. E. (2007). Understanding Latino parental involvement in education: Perceptions, expectations, and recommendations. Tomas Rivera Policy Institute.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emilie Phillips Smith .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Smith, E.P., Murry, V.M., Yzaguirre, M.M., Gonzalez, C.M., Kas-Osoka, C. (2023). Building the Bridge to Anti-Racist, Equitable, and Inclusive Practices: Translational Developmental Science for a Diverse Society. In: Witherspoon, D.P., Stein, G.L. (eds) Diversity and Developmental Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23163-6_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics