Abstract
This chapter is organised into a series of sections that will explain many conceptual and practical aspects of territorial imbalances. After an introductory Section 1, Section 2 will examine the importance of the territorial perspective in socio-economic analyses, both for interpreting their spatial characteristics and for guiding decision-making. Section 3 will explain the terms for debate on territorial imbalances. Section 4 will present various possibilities for spatiotemporal analyses relating to different geographical scales, ranging from that of Europe down to the municipal level. The units of analysis most commonly used are regional, but as we shall see, these can be subdivided into different levels. For these historical studies, we depend on the stability of borders and on the availability of data; these factors present a recurring problem throughout this book. At the EU level, a hierarchy of regions and local units was established in order to facilitate studies of the territorial reality; this served as a step prior to the management of financial aid. In fact, it was with this aim in mind that a hierarchical system was established for identifying different regional levels within the EU.
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Notes
- 1.
The greatest promoter of the geographic perspective amongst economists is Paul Krugman. His seminal work Geography and Trade (1992) defends the need to identify the geographic factors that make it possible to identify the development of economic activity.
- 2.
FEDER began in 1975 and was reinforced with Cohesion Funds from 1994 onwards.
- 3.
The French National Constituent Assembly published the Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen (Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen) on 26 August 1789.
- 4.
It is necessary to define the concepts of “nation state” and “state building”. According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica: a nation-state is a territorially bounded sovereign polity—i.e., a state—that is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation. Whereas state building refers to the construction of a state apparatus (…). Given the tremendous differences between states in the course of history, “state building” may best be understood not in generic terms but rather as the result of political dynamics that bear the indelible imprint of their particular moment in history.
- 5.
The approach is explained in full detail in the article.
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Pujadas-Mora, J.M., Brea-Martínez, G., Martí-Henneberg, J. (2023). Analysis of Inequalities Between Territories. In: Creative Ways to apply Historical GIS . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21731-9_6
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