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Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

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Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics

Abstract

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol. FASD is characterized by life-long cognitive, behavioural, and neurological deficits. These include structural and functional brain alterations that are apparent, dynamically, across the lifespan. The initial understanding of brain alterations in FASD came from post-mortem autopsy studies. However, advances in neuroimaging over the past quarter century have permitted a greater understanding of the common effects that prenatal alcohol exposure can have on the brain. This chapter provides an in-depth summary of the major findings from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research in children and adults with histories of prenatal alcohol exposure. Global brain alterations are reviewed, including those from structural and functional MRI techniques. The implications of more subtle brain abnormalities are then discussed, in relation to both their functional (clinical) relevance and impact on neurodevelopmental trajectories across the lifespan. Necessary next steps and acknowledged gaps in clinical and scientific understanding also are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

    Catherine Lebel

  2. Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Canada

    Catherine Lebel & Ashley Ware

  3. Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Ashley Ware

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  1. Catherine Lebel
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  2. Ashley Ware
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Correspondence to Catherine Lebel .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    David D. Eisenstat

  2. Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Dan Goldowitz

  3. Department of Pediatrics and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Tim F. Oberlander

  4. Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Jerome Y. Yager

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Lebel, C., Ware, A. (2023). Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). In: Eisenstat, D.D., Goldowitz, D., Oberlander, T.F., Yager, J.Y. (eds) Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20792-1_25

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