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Infectious Pleural Effusion

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Practical Manual of Pleural Pathology

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Abstract

The clinical pictures with which infectious pleural effusions can occur are simple pleural effusion, complicated pleural effusion and pleural empyema. An infectious pleural effusion can be accompanied by a pulmonary infection (pneumonia or lung abscess) and therefore can be a parapneumonic pleural effusion, or it can be present as an entity in its own right and therefore a ‘primary empyema’.

Pleural empyema is characterised by a high mortality. The diagnosis of infectious pleural effusion is clinical-radiological, confirmed by thoracentesis. Chest ultrasound is indispensable. In the presence of a pleural effusion of suspected infectious origin, thoracentesis must always be performed immediately. Thoracentesis provides fundamental and indispensable information to know the characteristics of the pleural fluid, to establish whether it is a simple or complicated effusion and to perform all possible tests: physico-chemical, microbiological, cytological examination with differential cell count and pH measurement. The characteristics of the pleural fluid guide the therapeutic choices, which must be adopted quickly to prevent possible complications.

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Casalini, A.G. (2023). Infectious Pleural Effusion. In: Casalini, A.G. (eds) Practical Manual of Pleural Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20312-1_10

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-20311-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-20312-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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