Skip to main content

Mechanical and Physical Characterization of Parts Manufactured by 3D Printing

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Materials Design and Applications IV

Abstract

Fused deposition modelling is an additive manufacturing technique, classified as one of the most popular 3D manufacturing processes, because of its low cost and easy usability, resulting in good quality products. However, the mechanical properties of manufactured pieces depend on the base material properties, manufacturing parameters and room conditions (temperature and moisture). For those reasons, to obtain the optimal conditions, three different types of experimental tests were performed: tensile, flexural and water absorption. These tests were carried out to determine ABS and PLA’s mechanical and physical properties, which are the main materials used in FDM technique. Results showed that PLA has higher values of tensile and flexural strength comparatively to ABS and, in the other hand, ABS had greater weight of water absorption.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Algarni M, Ghazali S (2021) Comparative study of the sensitivity of PLA, ABS, PEEK, and PETG’S mechanical properties to FDM printing process parameters. Crystals (Basel) 11(8)

    Google Scholar 

  • American Society for Testing and Materials (2017) ASTM D790-17—Standard test methods for flexural proper-ties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics and electrical insulating materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (2020) ASTM D883: standard terminology relating to plastics. ASTM Standards

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM D570-98 (2010) D 570–98 Standard test method for water absorption of plastics ASTM D570-98. ASTM Standards. 98 (Reapproved 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM International (2014) ASTM D638-14. Annual Book of ASTM Standards

    Google Scholar 

  • Banjanin B, Vladić G, Pál M, Baloš S, Dramićanin M, Rackov M, et al (2018) Consistency analysis of mechanical properties of elements produced by FDM additive manufacturing technology. Revista Materia 23(4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhargav A, Sanjairaj V, Rosa V, Feng LW, Fuh YH J (2018) Applications of additive manufacturing in dentistry: a review. J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater 106

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird DT, Ravindra NM (2021) Additive manufacturing of sensors for military monitoring applications. Polym (Basel) 13(9)

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakey-Milner B, Gradl P, Snedden G, Brooks M, Pitot J, Lopez E et al (2021) Metal additive manufacturing in aerospace: a review. Mater Des 209:110008 (Internet). Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127521005633

  • CEL-Robox (2022) Product datasheet ABS CEL-Robox 1.75 mm Orange ABS 3D Printer Filament, 600g (Internet). RS. 2022 [cited 2022 Jun 22]. Available from: https://export.rsdelivers.com/product/cel/rbx-abs-or023/cel-robox-175mm-orange-abs-3d-printer-filament/9031359

  • Chacón JM, Caminero MA, García-Plaza E, Núñez PJ (2017) Additive manufacturing of PLA structures using fused deposition modelling: Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties and their optimal selection. Mater Des 124

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapiro M (2016) Current achievements and future outlook for composites in 3D printing. Reinf Plast 60(6)

    Google Scholar 

  • Charalampous P, Kostavelis I, Kontodina T, Tzovaras D (2021) Learning-based error modeling in FDM 3D printing process. Rapid Prototyping J 27(3)

    Google Scholar 

  • Crump SS (1991) Fast, precise, safe prototypes with FDM. In: American society of mechanical engineers, production engineering division (Publication) PED

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawoud M, Taha I, Ebeid SJ (2016) Mechanical behaviour of ABS: AN experimental study using FDM and injection moulding techniques. J Manuf Process 21

    Google Scholar 

  • Dizon JRC, Espera AH, Chen Q, Advincula RC (2018) Mechanical characterization of 3D-printed polymers. Add Manuf 20

    Google Scholar 

  • Durgun I, Ertan R (2014) Experimental investigation of FDM process for improvement of mechanical properties and production cost. Rapid Prototyping J 20(3)

    Google Scholar 

  • Es-Said OS, Foyos J, Noorani R, Mendelson M, Marloth R, Pregger BA (2000) Effect of layer orientation on mechanical properties of rapid prototyped samples. Mater Manuf Process 15(1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao W, Zhang Y, Ramanujan D, Ramani K, Chen Y, Williams CB et al (2015) The status, challenges, and future of additive manufacturing in engineering. CAD Comput Aided Des 69

    Google Scholar 

  • Goh GD, Agarwala S, Goh GL, Dikshit V, Sing SL, Yeong WY (2017) Additive manufacturing in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): challenges and potential. Aerosp Sci Technol 63

    Google Scholar 

  • Hashemi Sanatgar R, Campagne C, Nierstrasz V (2017) Investigation of the adhesion properties of direct 3D printing of polymers and nanocomposites on textiles: effect of FDM printing process parameters. Appl Surf Sci 403:551–563 (Internet). Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433217301137

  • Hibbert K, Warner G, Brown C, Ajide O, Owolabi G, Azimi A (2019) The effects of build parameters and strain rate on the mechanical properties of FDM 3D-Printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Open J Org Polym Mater 09(01)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoskins TJ, Dearn KD, Kukureka SN (2018) Mechanical performance of PEEK produced by additive manufacturing. Polym Test 70

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaya Christiyan KG, Chandrasekhar U, Venkateswarlu K (2018) Flexural properties of PLA components under various test condition manufactured by 3D printer. J Inst Eng (India): Ser C 99(3)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanu RC, Hale C, Piper PON (2016) The use of 3D printing to introduce students to ASTM standards for testing tensile properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic material. In: ASEE annual conference and exposition, conference proceedings

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee JY, An J, Chua CK (2017) Fundamentals and applications of 3D printing for novel materials. Appl Mater Today 7

    Google Scholar 

  • Letcher T, Rankouhi B, Javadpour S (2015) Experimental study of mechanical properties of additively manufactured abs plastic as a function of layer parameters. In: ASME international mechanical engineering congress and exposition, proceedings (IMECE)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovo JFP, Fortulan CA (2016) Estudo de propriedades mecânicas e anisotropia em peças fabricadas por manufatura aditiva tipo FDM. I Simpósio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica da EESC-USP (SiPGEM/EESC-USP) (1)

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald E, Salas R, Espalin D, Perez M, Aguilera E, Muse D et al (2014) 3D printing for the rapid prototyping of structural electronics. IEEE Access 2

    Google Scholar 

  • Novakova-Marcincinova L, Novak-Marcincin J (2014) Testing of ABS material tensile strength for fused deposition modeling rapid prototyping meth-od. Adv Mater Res

    Google Scholar 

  • Nugroho A, Ardiansyah R, Rusita L, Larasati IL (2008) Effect of layer thick-ness on flexural properties of PLA (PolyLactid Acid) by 3D printing. J Phys Conf Ser

    Google Scholar 

  • Paolini A, Kollmannsberger S, Rank E (2019) Additive manufacturing in construction: a review on processes, applications, and digital planning methods. Add Manuf 30:100894 (Internet). Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214860419309029

  • Rajpurohit SR, Dave HK (2018) Flexural strength of fused filament fabricated (FFF) PLA parts on an open-source 3D printer. Adv Manuf 6(4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Santana L, Alves J, Netto A, Merlini C (2018) Estudo comparativo entre PETG e PLA para Impressão 3D através de caracterização térmica, química e mecânica. Matéria (rio De Janeiro). 6:23

    Google Scholar 

  • Souza A, Souza MS, Pinho D, Agujetas R, Ferrera C, Lima R, et al (2020) 3D manufacturing of intracranial aneurysm biomodels for flow visualizations: low cost fabrication processes. Mech Res Commun 107:103535 (Internet). Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0093641320300641

  • Tymrak BM, Kreiger M, Pearce JM (2014) Mechanical properties of components fabricated with open-source 3-D printers under realistic environ-mental conditions. Mater Des 58

    Google Scholar 

  • Ultimaker (2022) Technical data sheet tough PLA (Internet). 2022 (cited 2022 Jun 22). Available from: https://docs.rs-online.com/d6e4/0900766b81697f3b.pdf

  • Vaezi M, Seitz H, Yang S (2013) A review on 3D micro-additive manufacturing technologies. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 67(5–8):1721–1754 (Erratum). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4605-2

  • Wu W, Geng P, Li G, Zhao D, Zhang H, Zhao JI (2015) Influence of layer thickness and raster angle on the mechanical properties of 3D-Printed PEEK and a comparative mechanical study between PEEK and ABS. Materials 8:5834–5846

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financing by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under the strategic grants UIDB/00690/2020. This research work was also partially funded by EXPL2021CIMO_01.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. E. Ribeiro .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Oliveira, C., Rocha, J., Ribeiro, J.E. (2023). Mechanical and Physical Characterization of Parts Manufactured by 3D Printing. In: da Silva, L.F.M. (eds) Materials Design and Applications IV. Advanced Structured Materials, vol 168. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18130-6_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics