Abstract
The average incidence of respiratory onset complications varies from 2% to 19%, reaching 30% in some series of patients under general anesthesia. After high-risk surgery, the incidence of acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome is 2.6%.
The formation of atelectasis is favored by direct compression on the lung parenchyma by the diaphragm, direct injuries, and postoperative pain.
It has been shown that the incidence of significant respiratory muscle dysfunction after lower abdominal surgery is very low (2–5%), while that of upper abdominal surgery may approach 20–40%.
Furthermore, the type of incision plays an essential role in causing respiratory failure.
The use of non-invasive ventilation in these conditions seems to have a fundamental role in improving gas exchange through alveolar recruitment and increasing residual functional capacity, improving respiratory mechanics, and reducing the risk of reintubation.
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Zacchino, M., Bellone, A., Casella, G. (2023). Non-invasive Ventilation in the High-Risk Surgical Patients. In: Aseni, P., Grande, A.M., Leppäniemi, A., Chiara, O. (eds) The High-risk Surgical Patient. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17273-1_30
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