Abstract
Agent-Based Models (ABMs) are often used to model migration and are increasingly used to simulate individual migrant decision-making and unfolding events through a sequence of heuristic if-then rules. However, ABMs lack the methods to embed more principled strategies of performing inference to estimate and validate the models, both of which are of significant importance for real-world case studies. Chain Event Graphs (CEGs) can fill this need: they can be used to provide a Bayesian framework which represents an ABM accurately. Through the use of the CEG, we illustrate how to transform an elicited ABM into a Bayesian framework and outline the benefits of this approach.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
An, L., Grimm, V., Sullivan, A., Turner II, B., Malleson, N., Heppenstall, A., Vincenot, C., Robinson, D., Ye, X., Liu, J., et al.: Challenges, tasks, and opportunities in modeling agent-based complex systems. Ecol. Modell. (2021). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438002100243X
Barclay, L., Hutton, J., Smith, J.Q.: Refining a Bayesian network using a chain event graph. Int. J. Approximate Reasoning 54, 1300–1309 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2013.05.006
Bunnin, F.O., Shenvi, A., Smith, J.Q.: Network modelling of criminal collaborations with dynamic Bayesian steady evolutions (2020). ArXiv preprint arXiv:2007.04410
Collazo, R.A., Görgen, C., Smith, J.Q.: Chain Event Graphs. CRC Press (2018)
Freeman, G., Smith, J.: Bayesian MAP model selection of chain event graphs. J. Multivar. Anal. 102(7), 1152–1165 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2011.03.008
Freeman, G., Smith, J.Q.: Dynamic staged trees for discrete multivariate time series: forecasting, model selection and causal analysis. Bayesian Anal. 6(2) (2011). https://doi.org/10.1214/11-ba610
Grimm, V., Berger, U., Bastiansen, F., Eliassen, S., Ginot, V., Giske, J., Goss-Custard, J., Grand, T., Heinz, S.K., Huse, G., et al.: A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models. Ecol. Modell. 198(1–2), 115–126 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.023
Grimm, V., Revilla, E., Berger, U., Jeltsch, F., Mooij, W.M., Railsback, S.F., Thulke, H.H., Weiner, J., Wiegand, T., DeAngelis, D.L., et al.: Pattern-oriented modeling of agent-based complex systems: lessons from ecology. Science (2005). https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1116681
Heckbert, S., Baynes, T., Reeson, A.: Agent-based modeling in ecological economics. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (2010). https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05286.x
Heckerman, D., Geiger, D., Chickering, D.M.: Learning Bayesian networks: the combination of knowledge and statistical data. Mach. Learn. 20(3), 197–243 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00994016
Hinkelmann, F., Murrugarra, D., Jarrah, A.S., Laubenbacher, R.: A mathematical framework for agent based models of complex biological networks. Bull. Math. Biol. 73(7), 1583–1602 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-010-9582-8
International Labour Organisation: Global estimates of modern slavery: forced labour and forced marriage. Tech. Rep, International Labour Organisation (2017)
Klabunde, A., Willekens, F.: Decision-making in agent-based models of migration: state of the art and challenges. Eur. J. Popul. (2016). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10680-015-9362-0
Lewis, H., Peter, D., Hodkinson, S., Louise, W.: Hyper-precarious lives: Migrants, work and forced labour in the Global North. Prog. Human Geogr. 39(5), 580–600 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132514548303
Mcalpine, A., Kiss, L., Zimmerman, C., Chalabi, Z.: Agent-based modeling for migration and modern slavery research: a systematic review. J. Comput. Soc. Sci. 4(1), 243–332 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-020-00076-7
Schulze, J., Müller, B., Groeneveld, J., Grimm, V.: Agent-based modelling of social-ecological systems: achievements, challenges, and a way forward. J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul. 20(2) (2017). https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.3423
Shafer, G.: The Art of Causal Conjecture. MIT Press (1996)
Shenvi, A., Smith, J.Q.: A Bayesian Dynamic Graphical Model for Recurrent Events in Public Health (2019). ArXiv preprint arXiv:1811.08872
Shenvi, A., Smith, J.Q.: Propagation for Dynamic Continuous Time Chain Event Graphs (2020). ArXiv preprint arXiv:2006.15865
Smith, J.Q., Anderson, P.E.: Conditional independence and chain event graphs. Artif. Intell. 172(1), 42–68 (2008)
Thwaites, P.A., Smith, J.Q.: A graphical method for simplifying Bayesian games. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. (2017). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832017305355
United Nations: The 17 goals | sustainable development. Tech. rep., U. N. (2021). https://sdgs.un.org/goals
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: global report on trafficking in persons 2016. Tech. rep., UNODC (2017). https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/2016_Global_Report_on_Trafficking_in_Persons.pdf
Acknowledgements
Peter Strong was supported by the EPSRC and the MRC [grant number EP/L015374/1]. Alys McAlpine was supported by UKRI [grant number ES/V006681/1] Jim Q. Smith was funded by the EPSRC [grant number EP/K03 9628/1]. We would like to thank Aditi Shenvi for her valuable comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Strong, P., McAlpine, A., Smith, J.Q. (2022). Towards a Bayesian Analysis of Migration Pathways Using Chain Event Graphs of Agent Based Models. In: Argiento, R., Camerlenghi, F., Paganin, S. (eds) New Frontiers in Bayesian Statistics. BAYSM 2021. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, vol 405. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16427-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16427-9_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-16426-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-16427-9
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)