Abstract
Manufactured nanomaterials are being used in a wide spectrum of commercial and environmental applications. However, the nanotoxicity associated with these materials has various effects on human health and diseases and has drawn ample attention during the past decade. The nanomaterials have the same dimensions as biological molecules and they lead to unexpected and unanticipated consequences on interaction with biological systems. Humans are already exposed to nanomaterials through aeration, dietary intake, drinking water, and medical applications. Different toxicology studies have suggested the possibility of adverse effects on the immune system, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and the carcinogenic potential of nanomaterials. The risk to human health is ascertained by exposure assessment, occupational health surveillance, and regulatory considerations such as registration, evaluation, authorization, Restriction of Chemicals, and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health for nanomaterials. The generation of data on exposure is hardly needed for risk calculation. This chapter gives an overview of the toxicologist’s perspective associated with the mobility, bioavailability, and bioaccumulation in living organisms and the possible implications for human health risk assessments. A large number of toxicological studies have been carried out by researchers on in vitro or in vivo systems; this work can help them to fill knowledge gaps and spread awareness about the issues encountered whileassessing the toxicity of nanomaterials. Many authors agree that occupational risk assessment for nanomaterials should be critically evaluated and ultimately revised for application to nanomaterials.
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Saini, P.K., Kumar, N., Keshu, Shanker, U. (2023). Health Issues and Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials. In: Shanker, U., Hussain, C.M., Rani, M. (eds) Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16101-8_30
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