Abstract
The green chemistry together with nanotechnology gave rise to the green nanomaterials, which use clean, safe, cost-effective, and environmental friendly synthetic strategies to prepare nanomaterials. Many efforts have been expended to synthesize nanomaterials from renewable and locally available sources to decrease the amount of harmful chemicals, generating biodegradable waste that do not present toxicity to humans and to the environment. In this context, this chapter deals with recent applications of green nanomaterials for eliminating chemical pollutants and biological contaminants from soil, water, and air. Green nanomaterials such as metal and metal oxides nanoparticles, nanoporous carbon, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanofibers, prepared through green protocols, and biopolymer nanoderivatives including chitin, chitosan, and cellulose are used to remove harmful gases, toxic metals, organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and oils. The high surface area and the related reactivity of green nanomaterials enable their use with great efficiency in different processes, including sorption, filtration, stabilization, degradation, demulsification, flocculation, and disinfection. This chapter covers a gap in the current literature concerning recent publications that report the preparation and characterization of new green nanomaterials for air, soil, and water purification. Herein we present and discuss the main applications and related mechanisms involved in the environmental remediation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AbdEl-Salam AH, Ewais HA, Basaleh AS (2017) Silver nanoparticles immobilised on the activated carbon as efficient adsorbent for removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions. A kinetic study. J Mol Liq 248:833–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.109
Agency, U.S.E.P (2017) Drinking water contaminants | environments and contaminants. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00115a611
Ahmed T, Shahid M, Noman M, Bilal Khan Niazi M, Zubair M, Almatroudi A, Khurshid M, Tariq F, Mumtaz R, Li B (2020) Bioprospecting a native silver-resistant Bacillus safensis strain for green synthesis and subsequent antibacterial and anticancer activities of silver nanoparticles. J Adv Res 24:475–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.05.011
Alsharari SF, Tayel AA, Moussa SH (2018) Soil emendation with nano-fungal chitosan for heavy metals biosorption. Int J Biol Macromol 118:2265–2268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.103
Amézquita-Marroquín CP, Torres-Lozada P, Giraldo L, Húmpola PD, Rivero E, Poon PS, Matos J, Moreno-Piraján JC (2020) Sustainable production of nanoporous carbons: kinetics and equilibrium studies in the removal of atrazine. J Colloid Interface Sci 562:252–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.026
Arabyarmohammadi H, Darban AK, Abdollahy M, Ayati B (2018) Simultaneous immobilization of heavy metals in soil environment by pulp and paper derived nanoporous biochars. J Environ Health Sci Eng 16:109–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-018-0294-6
Attia TMS, Elsheery NI (2020) Nanomaterials: scope, applications, and challenges in agriculture and soil reclamation. pp 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33996-8_1
Ayinde WB, Gitari WM, Munkombwe M, Amidou S (2018) Green synthesis of Ag/MgO nanoparticle modified nanohydroxyapatite and its potential for defluoridation and pathogen removal in groundwater. Phys Chem Earth Parts A/B/C 107:25–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.08.007
Ayinde WB, Gitari WM, Munkombwe M, Samie A, Smith JA (2020) Green synthesis of AgMgOnHaP nanoparticles supported on chitosan matrix: defluoridation and antibacterial effects in groundwater. J Environ Chem Eng 8:104026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104026
Casentini B, Gallo M, Baldi F (2019) Arsenate and arsenite removal from contaminated water by iron oxides nanoparticles formed inside a bacterial exopolysaccharide. J Environ Chem Eng 7:102908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.102908
Chhajed M, Yadav C, Agrawal AK, Maji PK (2019) Esterified superhydrophobic nanofibrillated cellulose based aerogel for oil spill treatment. Carbohydr Polym 226:115286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115286
Dlamini NG, Basson AK, Pullabhotla VSR (2020) A comparative study between bimetallic iron@copper nanoparticles with iron and copper nanoparticles synthesized using a bioflocculant: their applications and biosafety. Processes 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/PR8091125
Du C, Song Y, Shi S, Jiang B, Yang J, Xiao S (2020) Preparation and characterization of a novel Fe3O4-graphene-biochar composite for crystal violet adsorption. Sci Total Environ 711:134662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134662
Elessawy NA, El-Sayed EM, Ali S, Elkady MF, Elnouby M, Hamad HA (2020) One-pot green synthesis of magnetic fullerene nanocomposite for adsorption characteristics. J Water Process Eng 34:101047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.101047
European Environment Agency (2020) SIGNALS 2020 – towards zero pollution in Europe. https://doi.org/10.2800/40627
Fan Y, Wang H, Deng L, Wang Y, Kang D, Li C, Chen H (2020) Enhanced adsorption of Pb(II) by nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped biochar derived from Camellia oleifera shells. Environ Res 191:110030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110030
Fu Y, Huang T, Zhang L, Zhu J, Wang X (2015) Ag/g-C3N4 catalyst with superior catalytic performance for the degradation of dyes: a borohydride-generated superoxide radical approach. Nanoscale 7:13723–13733. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR03260A
Gomaa EZ (2018) Iron nanoparticles α-chitin nanocomposite for enhanced antimicrobial, dyes degradation and heavy metals removal activities. J Polym Environ 26:3638–3654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1247-y
Guo J, Song Y, Ji X, Ji L, Cai L, Wang Y, Zhang H, Song W (2019) Preparation and characterization of nanoporous activated carbon derived from prawn shell and its application for removal of heavy metal ions. Materials (Basel) 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12020241
Ishwarya R, Vaseeharan B, Kalyani S, Banumathi B, Govindarajan M, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Al-anbr MN, Khaled JM, Benelli G (2018) Facile green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Ulva lactuca seaweed extract and evaluation of their photocatalytic, antibiofilm and insecticidal activity. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 178:249–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.006
Jamal N, Radhakrishnan A, Raghavan R, Bhaskaran B (2020) Efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic dye from aqueous solutions over zinc oxide incorporated nanocellulose under visible light irradiation. Main Group Metal Chem 43:84–91. https://doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2020-0009
Jegadeesan GB, Amirthavarshini S, Divya J, Gunarani GI (2019) Catalytic peroxygen activation by biosynthesized iron nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of Congo red dye. Adv Powder Technol 30:2890–2899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2019.08.034
Karthik C, Swathi N, Pandi Prabha S (2020) Green synthesized rGO-AgNP hybrid nanocomposite – an effective antibacterial adsorbent for photocatalytic removal of DB-14 dye from aqueous solution. J Environ Chem Eng 8:103577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103577
Khattri SD, Singh MK (2009) Removal of malachite green from dye wastewater using neem sawdust by adsorption. J Hazard Mater 167:1089–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.101
Li J, Zuo K, Wu W, Xu Z, Yi Y, Jing J, Dai H, Fang G (2018) Shape memory aerogels from nanocellulose and polyethyleneimine as a novel adsorbent for removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II). Carbohydr Polym 196:376–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.015
Li M, Messele SA, Boluk Y, El-Din MG (2019) Isolated cellulose nanofibers for Cu (II) and Zn (II) removal: performance and mechanisms. Carbohydr Polym 221:231–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.078
Liu H, Sun Y, Yu T, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhao K, Wei J (2019) Plant-mediated biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles-calcium alginate hydrogel membrane and its eminent performance in removal of Cr(VI). Chem Eng J 378:122120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122120
Lotfy VF, Fathy NA, Basta AH (2018) Novel approach for synthesizing different shapes of carbon nanotubes from rice straw residue. J Environ Chem Eng 6:6263–6274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.09.055
Mahajan R, Bhadwal AS, Kumar N, Madhusudanan M, Pudake RN, Tripathi RM (2017) Green synthesis of highly stable carbon nanodots and their photocatalytic performance. IET Nanobiotechnol 11:360–364. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0025
Mamah SC, Goh PS, Ismail AF, Amin MAM, Ahmad NA, Suzaimi ND, Raji YO (2020) Facile preparation of palygorskite/chitin nanofibers hybrids nanomaterial with remarkable adsorption capacity. Mater Sci Eng B Solid-State Mater Adv Technol 262:114725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2020.114725
Martínez-Cabanas M, López-García M, Barriada JL, Herrero R, Sastre de Vicente ME (2016) Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. Development of magnetic hybrid materials for efficient As(V) removal. Chem Eng J 301:83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.149
Mautner A, Maples HA, Kobkeatthawin T, Kokol V, Karim Z, Li K, Bismarck A (2016) Phosphorylated nanocellulose papers for copper adsorption from aqueous solutions. Int J Environ Sci Technol 13:1861–1872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-1026-z
Mukherjee S, Ramireddy H, Baidya A, Amala AK, Sudhakar C, Mondal B, Philip L, Pradeep T (2020) Nanocellulose-reinforced organo-inorganic nanocomposite for synergistic and affordable defluoridation of water and an evaluation of its sustainability metrics. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 8:139–147. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b04822
Nemoto J, Soyama T, Saito T, Isogai A (2016) Improvement of air filters by nanocelluloses. Jpn Tappi J 70:1072–1078. https://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.70.1072
Nkosinathi DG, Albertus BK, Jabulani SSE, Siboniso Siphephelo M, Pullabhotla RV (2020) Biosynthesis, characterization, and application of iron nanoparticles: in dye removal and as antimicrobial agent. Water Air Soil Pollut 231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04498-x
Noreen S, Mustafa G, Ibrahim SM, Naz S, Iqbal M, Yaseen M, Javed T, Nisar J (2020) Iron oxide (Fe2O3) prepared via green route and adsorption efficiency evaluation for an anionic dye: kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics studies. J Mater Res Technol 9:4206–4217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.02.047
Önal ES, Yatkın T, Aslanov T, Erg M, Ozer A (2019) Biosynthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles for effective adsorption of Cr(VI). Int J Chem Eng 2019:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2716423
Pan Z, Lin Y, Sarkar B, Owens G, Chen Z (2019) Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using red peanut skin extract: synthesis mechanism, characterization and effect of conditions on chromium removal. J Colloid Interface Sci 558:106–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.106
Pandey S, Do JY, Kim J, Kang M (2020) Fast and highly efficient catalytic degradation of dyes using κ-carrageenan stabilized silver nanoparticles nanocatalyst. Carbohydr Polym 230:115597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115597
Park J, Attia NF, Jung M, Lee ME, Lee K, Chung J, Oh H (2018) Sustainable nanoporous carbon for CO2, CH4, N2, H2 adsorption and CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. Energy 158:9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.010
Park JC, Kim JC, Park S, Kim DW (2020) Efficient waste polyvinyl(butyral) and cellulose composite enabled carbon nanofibers for oxygen reduction reaction and water remediation. Appl Surf Sci 510:145505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145505
Prasad AR, Anagha M, Shamsheera KO, Joseph A (2020) Bio-fabricated ZnO nanoparticles: direct sunlight-driven selective photodegradation, antibacterial activity, and thermoluminescence-emission characteristics. New J Chem 44:8273–8279. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0nj01611j
Rachna, Rani M, Shanker U (2021) Synergistic effects of zinc oxide coupled copper hexacyanoferrate nanocomposite: robust visible-light driven dye degradation. J Colloid Interface Sci 584:67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.079
Radushkevich LV, Lukyanovich VM (1952) About the structure of carbon formed by thermal decomposition of carbon monoxide on iron substrate. J Phys Chem (Moscow) 26:88–95
Raja A, Ashokkumar S, Pavithra Marthandam R, Jayachandiran J, Khatiwada CP, Kaviyarasu K, Ganapathi Raman R, Swaminathan M (2018) Eco-friendly preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Tabernaemontana divaricata and its photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 181:53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.02.011
Rajiv Gandhi M, Viswanathan N, Meenakshi S (2010) Preparation and application of alumina/chitosan biocomposite. Int J Biol Macromol 47:146–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.05.008
Rani M, Shanker U (2018) Sun-light driven rapid photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by poly(methyl methacrylate)/metal oxide nanocomposites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Aspects 559:136–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.09.040
Rani M, Yadav J, Shanker U (2021) Green synthesis, kinetics and photoactivity of novel nickel oxide-decorated zinc hexacyanocobaltate catalyst for efficient removal of toxic Cr(VI). J Environ Chem Eng 9:105073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105073
Rathinam K, Singh SP, Arnusch CJ, Kasher R (2018) An environmentally-friendly chitosan-lysozyme biocomposite for the effective removal of dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Carbohydr Polym 199:506–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.055
Ravi T, Anuradha Jabasingh S (2018) Preparation and characterization of higher degree-deacetylated chitosan-coated magnetic adsorbent for the removal of chromium(VI) from its aqueous mixture. J Appl Polym Sci 135:45878. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.45878
Ribeiro RSA, Pohlmann BC, Calado V, Bojorge N, Pereira N (2019) Production of nanocellulose by enzymatic hydrolysis: trends and challenges. Eng Life Sci 19:279–291. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201800158
Saad AM, Abukhadra MR, Abdel-Kader Ahmed S, Elzanaty AM, Mady AH, Betiha MA, Shim JJ, Rabie AM (2020) Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye using chitosan supported ZnO and Ce–ZnO nano-flowers under visible light. J Environ Manag 258:110043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110043
Sabet M, Mahdavi K (2019) Green synthesis of high photoluminescence nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from grass via a simple hydrothermal method for removing organic and inorganic water pollutions. Appl Surf Sci 463:283–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.223
Sadiq AC, Rahim NY, Suah FBM (2020) Adsorption and desorption of malachite green by using chitosan-deep eutectic solvents beads. Int J Biol Macromol 164:3965–3973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.029
Saif S, Tahir A, Asim T, Chen Y, Adil S (2019) Polymeric nanocomposites of iron–oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) synthesized using Terminalia chebula leaf extract for enhanced adsorption of Arsenic(V) from water. Colloids Interfaces 3:17. https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids3010017
Sambaza SS, Masheane ML, Malinga SP, Nxumalo EN, Mhlanga SD (2017) Polyethyleneimine-carbon nanotube polymeric nanocomposite adsorbents for the removal of Cr6+ from water. Phys Chem Earth 100:236–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2016.08.002
Sarkar S, Ponce NT, Banerjee A, Bandopadhyay R, Rajendran S, Lichtfouse E (2020) Green polymeric nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes: a review. Environ Chem Lett 18:1569–1580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01021-w
Satapathy MK, Das P (2014) Optimization of crystal violet dye removal using novel soil-silver nanocomposite as nanoadsorbent using response surface methodology. J Environ Chem Eng 2:708–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.11.012
Shahnaz TS, Mohamed Madhar Fazil S, Padmanaban VC, Narayanasamy S (2020) Surface modification of nanocellulose using polypyrrole for the adsorptive removal of Congo red dye and chromium in binary mixture. Int J Biol Macromol 151:322–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.181
Sharbaf Moghadas MR, Motamedi E, Nasiri J, Naghavi MR, Sabokdast M (2020) Proficient dye removal from water using biogenic silver nanoparticles prepared through solid-state synthetic route. Heliyon 6:e04730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04730
Sreekala G, Beevi AF, Resmi R, Beena B (2020) Removal of lead (II) ions from water using copper ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by green method. Mater Today Proc 45:3986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.087
Su B, Lin J, Owens G, Chen Z (2020) Impact of green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on the distribution and transformation of As species in contaminated soil*. Environ Pollut 258:113668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113668
Tai JY, Leong KH, Saravanan P, Tan ST, Chong WC, Sim LC (2020) Facile green synthesis of fingernails derived carbon quantum dots for Cu2+ sensing and photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol. J Environ Chem Eng 9:104622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104622
Tang F, Yu H, Yassin Hussain Abdalkarim S, Sun J, Fan X, Li Y, Zhou Y, Chiu Tam K (2020) Green acid-free hydrolysis of wasted pomelo peel to produce carboxylated cellulose nanofibers with super absorption/flocculation ability for environmental remediation materials. Chem Eng J 395:125070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125070
Venäläinen SH, Hartikainen H (2017) Retention of metal and sulphate ions from acidic mining water by anionic nanofibrillated cellulose. Sci Total Environ 599–600:1608–1613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.009
Wang Z, Wu A, Colombi Ciacchi L, Wei G (2018a) Recent advances in nanoporous membranes for water purification. Nanomaterials 8:65. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8020065
Wang Z, Yan F, Pei H, Li J, Cui Z, He B (2018b) Antibacterial and environmentally friendly chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol blend membranes for air filtration. Carbohydr Polym 198:241–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.090
Wang Y, O’Connor D, Shen Z, Lo IMC, Tsang DCW, Pehkonen S, Pu S, Hou D (2019) Green synthesis of nanoparticles for the remediation of contaminated waters and soils: constituents, synthesizing methods, and influencing factors. J Clean Prod 226:540–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.128
Wang W, Ni J, Chen L, Ai Z, Zhao Y, Song S (2020a) Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose-chitosan-montmorillonite nanosheets composite hydrogel for dye effluent remediation. Int J Biol Macromol 165:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.154
Wang Z, Yan F, Pei H, Yan K, Cui Z, He B, Fang K, Li J (2020b) Environmentally-friendly halloysite nanotubes@chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/non-woven fabric hybrid membranes with a uniform hierarchical porous structure for air filtration. J Membr Sci 594:117445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117445
Wu Z, Su X, Lin Z, Khan NI, Owens G, Chen Z (2021) Removal of As(V) by iron-based nanoparticles synthesized via the complexation of biomolecules in green tea extracts and an iron salt. Sci Total Environ 764:142883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142883
Xiaoqi S, Peng B, Yang J, Chen J, Deqian L (2009) Chitosan(chitin)/cellulose composite biosorbents prepared using ionic liquid for heavy metal ions adsorption. AICHE J 55:2062–2069. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.11797
Xu X, Ray R, Gu Y, Ploehn HJ, Gearheart L, Raker K, Scrivens WA (2004) Electrophoretic analysis and purification of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube fragments. J Am Chem Soc 126:12736–12737. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja040082h
Yang J, An X, Liu L, Seta FT, Zhang H, Nie S, Yao S, Cao H, Xu Q, Liu H, Ni Y (2020) Chitin nano-crystals/sodium lignosulfonate/Ag NPs nanocomposites: a potent and green catalyst for efficient removal of organic contaminants. Cellulose 27:5071–5087. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03161-2
Yin Z, Sun X, Bao M, Li Y (2020) Construction of a hydrophobic magnetic aerogel based on chitosan for oil/water separation applications. Int J Biol Macromol 165:1869–1880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.068
Zhang W, Wang X, Zhang Y, van Bochove B, Mäkilä E, Seppälä J, Xu W, Willför S, Xu C (2020a) Robust shape-retaining nanocellulose-based aerogels decorated with silver nanoparticles for fast continuous catalytic discoloration of organic dyes. Sep Purif Technol 242:116523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116523
Zhang Y, Jiao X, Liu N, Lv J, Yang Y (2020b) Enhanced removal of aqueous Cr(VI) by a green synthesized nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on oak wood biochar. Chemosphere 245:125542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125542
Zhou T, Zhang G, Zhang H, Yang H, Ma P, Li X, Qiu X, Liu G (2018) Highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by a novel Z-scheme Ag3PO4/MIL-101/NiFe2O4 composite. Cat Sci Technol 8:2402–2416. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CY00182K
Zhu W, Huang W, Zhou W, Qiu Z, Wang Z, Li H, Wang Y, Li J, Xie Y (2020) Sustainable and antibacterial sandwich-like Ag-Pulp/CNF composite paper for oil/water separation. Carbohydr Polym 245:116587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116587
Acknowledgments
We thank the Research Supporting Foundation of the State of São Paulo (FAPESP, proposal n°. 2019/07822-2 and 2019/25228-0), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES, Financial code – 001) and to Espaço da Escrita – Coordenadoria Geral da Universidade – UNICAMP – for the language services provided.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Prediger, P., de Figueiredo Neves, T., Camparotto, N.G., Rodrigues, E.A. (2023). Green Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation. In: Shanker, U., Hussain, C.M., Rani, M. (eds) Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16101-8_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16101-8_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-16100-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-16101-8
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics