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Nanocatalysts for Environmental Benign Biofuel Production

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Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology

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Abstract

The excessive use of petrochemical resources for energy purpose causes environmental pollution. Due to exhaustion of non-renewable petrochemical reserves and unpredictable enhancement of price of petrochemical fuels, there is tremendous need of alternative renewable fuels of biological origin to replace petrochemicals. Low carbon neutrality, inexhaustibility, and accessibility at fair prices are the prominent features of an alternative biobased fuel. Biodiesel is a sustainable and ecofriendly fuel produced by transesterification processes using different types of homogeneous, heterogeneous catalyst and in non-catalytic conditions from waste cooking oil, animal fats, and vegetable oils. Because of their low cost and ease of availability, homogeneous catalysts are promising materials for biodiesel synthesis in industry. However, they have a corrosion problem and are difficult to separate from the product after the reaction. To address this, many heterogeneous catalysts have been used for biodiesel production with comparable efficiency to that of the homogeneous catalyst and the catalyst can be easily isolated from the product. Recently, several heterogeneous nanocatalysts are in trend for transesterification, in view of exceptional properties such as high activity, excellent catalytic performance, easy recovery, and reusability. Among various nanocatalysts, metal oxide-based nanocatalysts, nanohydrotalcites, magnetic nanocatalysts, and nanozeolites have tremendous potential for catalyzing transesterification of various plant-based oils to produce biodiesel with high yield. In this chapter, we represented biodiesel production using different catalysts and also mentioned optimum condition for various feedstocks. This chapter also focuses on utilization of various nanocatalysts, their effects, and methodologies adopted for biodiesel production. Magnetic nanocatalyst is found to be the promising nanocatalyst for biodiesel synthesis due to high catalytic activity and multiple reusability.

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Abbreviations

DG:

Diglyceride

FAAE:

Fatty acid alkyl ester

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester

FFA:

Free fatty acid

LDH:

Layered double hydroxides

MG:

Monoglyceride

TG:

Triglyceride

WCO :

Waste cooking oil

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India

    Subhalaxmi Pradhan, Chandreyee Saha &  Sushma

  2. G.L.Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, UP, India

    Soumya Parida

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  1. Subhalaxmi Pradhan
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  2. Chandreyee Saha
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  3. Soumya Parida
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  4. Sushma
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Correspondence to Subhalaxmi Pradhan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

    Uma Shanker

  2. Chemistry and EVSC, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

  3. Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Manviri Rani

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Pradhan, S., Saha, C., Parida, S., Sushma (2023). Nanocatalysts for Environmental Benign Biofuel Production. In: Shanker, U., Hussain, C.M., Rani, M. (eds) Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16101-8_19

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