Abstract
A wide variety of chest and lung problems in neonates require imaging investigations. The main modality is chest radiography supplemented by chest/lung ultrasound, CT, MR, and sometimes fluoroscopy. The ALARA principle is indispensable when imaging this particular young and radiation sensitive age group with ionizing radiation. The chapter will present the principles of the respective imaging modalities used, discuss the imaging approach for chest and lung diseases in preterm and term neonates, and will illustrate the imaging findings with respective figures.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
European Commission. European guidelines on quality criteria for diagnostic radiographic images in pediatrics. 1996. https://www.sprmn.pt/pdf/EuropeanGuidelinesEur16261.pdf. Accessed 3 Oct 2021.
Don S, Macdougall R, Strauss K, Moore QT, Goske MJ, Cohen M, et al. Image gently campaign back to basics initiative: ten steps to help manage radiation dose in pediatric digital radiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013;200(5):W431–6. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.12.9895.
European Commission. European guidelines on DRLs for pediatric imaging. 2016. http://www.eurosafeimaging.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/European-Guidelines-on-DRLs-for-Paediatric-Imaging_Revised_18-July-2016_clean.pdf. Accessed 3 Oct 2021.
Mothiram U, Brennan PC, Lewis SJ, Moran B, Robinson J. Digital radiography exposure indices: a review. J Med Radiat Sci. 2014;61(2):112–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.49.
Riccabona M. Ultrasound of the chest. In: Riccabona M, editor. Pediatric ultrasound. 2nd ed. New York: Springer International Publishing; 2020. p. 231–61.
Nagy E, Tschauner S, Marterer R, Riedl R, Sorantin E. Chest CTA in children younger than two years - a retrospective comparison of three contrast injection protocols. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):18109. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54498-z.
Hirsch FW, Sorge I, Vogel-Claussen J, Roth C, Gräfe D, Päts A, et al. The current status and further prospects for lung magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric radiology. Pediatr Radiol. 2020;50(5):734–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04594-z.
Rehman S, Bacha D. Embryology, pulmonary. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
Blank DA, Kamlin COF, Rogerson SR, Fox LM, Lorenz L, Kane SC, et al. Lung ultrasound immediately after birth to describe normal neonatal transition: an observational study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2018;103(2):F157–62. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-312818.
Sklair-Levy M, Agid R, Sella T, Strauss-Liviatan N, Bar-Ziv J. Age-related changes in CT attenuation of the thymus in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2000;30(8):566–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002470000245.
Edwards DK. The newborn infant with respiratory distress from medical causes. In: Hilton SW, Edwards DK, editors. Practical pediatric radiology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2006. p. 99–124.
Avni EF, Braude P, Pardou A, Matos C. Hyaline membrane disease in the newborn: diagnosis by ultrasound. Pediatr Radiol. 1990;20(3):143–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02012957.
Brat R, Yousef N, Klifa R, Reynaud S, Shankar Aguilera S, De Luca D. Lung ultrasonography score to evaluate oxygenation and surfactant need in neonates treated with continuous positive airway pressure. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(8):e151797. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1797.
Odita JC. The significance of recurrent lung opacities in neonates on surfactant treatment for respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 2001;31(2):87–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002470000377.
Dice JE, Bhatia J. Patent ductus arteriosus: an overview. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2007;12(3):138–46. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-12.3.138.
Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Walsh MC, Carlo WA, Shankaran S, et al; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Trends in care practices, morbidity, and mortality of extremely preterm neonates, 1993–2012. JAMA 2015;314(10):1039–1051. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.10244.
Northway WH Jr, Rosan RC, Porter DY. Pulmonary disease following respirator therapy of hyaline-membrane disease. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 1967;276(7):357–68. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM196702162760701.
Agrons GA, Courtney SE, Stocker JT, Markowitz RI. From the archives of the AFIP: lung disease in premature neonates: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2005;25(4):1047–73. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.254055019.
Alonso-Ojembarrena A, Lubián-López SP. Lung ultrasound score as early predictor of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2019;54(9):1404–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24410.
Riskin A, Abend-Weinger M, Riskin-Mashiah S, Kugelman A, Bader D. Cesarean section, gestational age, and transient tachypnea of the newborn: timing is the key. Am J Perinatol. 2005;22(7):377–82. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-872594.
Raju U, Sondhi V, Patnaik SK. Meconium aspiration syndrome: an insight. Med J Armed Forces India. 2010;66(2):152–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-1237(10)80131-5.
Mathur NB, Garg K, Kumar S. Respiratory distress in neonates with special reference to pneumonia. Indian Pediatr. 2002;39(6):529–37. PMID: 12084946
Manson D. Diagnostic imaging of neonatal pneumonia. Radiol Imaging Neonatal Chest. 2010;18:99–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33749-2_7.
Pramanik AK, Rangaswamy N, Gates T. Neonatal respiratory distress: a practical approach to its diagnosis and management. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2015;62(2):453–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2014.11.008.
Demir OF, Hangul M, Kose M. Congenital lobar emphysema: diagnosis and treatment options. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019;14:921–8. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S170581.
Stocker JT. Cystic lung disease in infants and children. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2009;28(4):155–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/15513810902984095.
Pogoriler J, Swarr D, Kreiger P, Adzick NS, Peranteau W. Congenital cystic lung lesions: redefining the natural distribution of subtypes and assessing the risk of malignancy. Am J Surg Pathol. 2019;43(1):47–55. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0000000000000992.
Wu H, Tian J, Li H, Lu L, Chen X, Xu W. Computed tomography features can distinguish type 4 congenital pulmonary airway malformation from other cystic congenital pulmonary airway malformations. Eur J Radiol. 2020;126:108964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.108964.
Waelti SL, Garel L, Soglio DD, Rypens F, Messerli M, Dubois J. Neonatal congenital lung tumors - the importance of mid-second-trimester ultrasound as a diagnostic clue. Pediatr Radiol. 2017;47(13):1766–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-017-3953-3.
Kapralik J, Wayne C, Chan E, Nasr A. Surgical versus conservative management of congenital pulmonary airway malformation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 2016;51(3):508–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.11.022.
Zhang N, Zeng Q, Chen C, Yu J, Zhang X. Distribution, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary sequestration: report of 208 cases. J Pediatr Surg. 2019;54(7):1286–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.08.054.
Panicek DM, Heitzman ER, Randall PA, Groskin SA, Chew FS, Lane EJ Jr, et al. The continuum of pulmonary developmental anomalies. Radiographics. 1987;7(4):747–72. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.7.4.3448653.
Lichtenberger JP III, Biko DM, Carter BW, Pavio MA, Huppmann AR, Chung EM. Primary lung tumors in children: radiologic-pathologic correlation from the radiologic pathology archives. Radiographics. 2018;38(7):2151–72. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2018180192.
Brock KE, Wall J, Esquivel M, Newman B, Marina N, Albanese C, et al. Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor: case report of an asymptomatic infant with a rapidly enlarging pulmonary mass and review of the literature. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2015;45(1):83–9.
Markowitz RI. The anterior junction line: a radiographic sign of bilateral pneumothorax in neonates. Radiology. 1988;167(3):717–9. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.167.3.3363127.
van Lennep M, Singendonk MMJ, Dall’Oglio L, Gottrand F, Krishnan U, Terheggen-Lagro SWJ, et al. Oesophageal atresia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):26. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0077-0.
Pardy C, D’Antonio F, Khalil A, Giuliani S. Prenatal detection of esophageal atresia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019;98(6):689–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13536.
Lee S. Basic knowledge of tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia. Adv Neonatal Care. 2018;18(1):14–21. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANC.0000000000000464.
Golden J, Demeter NE, Lim JC, Ford HR, Upperman JS, Gayer CP. Routine post-operative esophagogram is not necessary after repair of esophageal atresia. Am J Surg. 2017;213(4):640–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.12.020.
Zamiara P, Thomas KE, Connolly BL, Lane H, Marcon MA, Chiu PP. Long-term burden of care and radiation exposure in survivors of esophageal atresia. J Pediatr Surg. 2015;50(10):1686–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.05.006.
Leung AW, Lam HS, Chu WC, Lee KH, Tam YH, Ng PC. Congenital intrathoracic stomach: short esophagus or hiatal hernia? Neonatology. 2008;93(3):178–81. https://doi.org/10.1159/000108927.
Karmazyn B, Shold AJ, Delaney LR, Brown BP, Marine MB, Jennings SG, et al. Ultrasound evaluation of right diaphragmatic eventration and hernia. Pediatr Radiol. 2019;49(8):1010–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04417-1.
Rescorla FJ, Yoder MC, West KW, Grosfeld JL. Delayed presentation of a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia and group B streptococcal sepsis. Two case reports and a review of the literature. Arch Surg. 1989;124(9):1083–6. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1989.01410090093021.
Jain V, Yadav DK, Kandasamy D, Gupta DK. Hepatopulmonary fusion: a rare and potentially lethal association with right congenital diaphragmatic hernia. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:bcr2016218227. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2016-218227.
Zamprakou A, Berg C, Strizek B, Müller A, Heydweiller A, Gembruch U, et al. Morgagni hernia presenting with massive pericardial effusion and ascites: prenatal management by thoraco-amniotic shunting and fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) and review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016;294(5):953–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-016-4103-0.
Further Reading
Abrams ME, Ackerman VL, Engle WA. Primary unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia: neonate through early childhood—case report, radiographic diagnosis and review of the literature. J Perinatol. 2004;24(10):667–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jp.7211156.
Alamo L, Vial Y, Gengler C, Meuli R. Imaging findings of bronchial atresia in fetuses, neonates and infants. Pediatr Radiol. 2016;46(3):383–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-015-3487-5.
Al-Salem AH, Mohaidly MA, Al-Buainain HM, Al-Jadaan S, Raboei E. Congenital H-type tracheoesophageal fistula: a national multicenter study. Pediatr Surg Int. 2016;32(5):487–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-016-3873-6.
Becmeur F, Horta P, Donato L, Christmann D, Sauvage P. Accessory diaphragm—review of 31 cases in the literature. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1995;5(1):43–7. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1066162.
Bellini C, Boccardo F, Campisi C, Bonioli E. Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2006;1:43. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-W1172-1-43.
Berrocal T, Madrid C, Novo S, Gutiérrez J, Arjonilla A, Gómez-León N. Congenital anomalies of the tracheobronchial tree, lung, and mediastinum: embryology, radiology, and pathology. Radiographics. 2004;24(1):e17. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.e17.
Brcic L, Fakler F, Eidenhammer S, Thueringer A, Kashofer K, Kulka J, et al. Pleuropulmonary blastoma type I might arise in congenital pulmonary airway malformation type 4 by acquiring a Dicer 1 mutation. Virchows Arch. 2020;477(3):375–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02789-6.
Calkovska A, Mokra D, Calkovsky V, Matasova K, Zibolen M. Clinical considerations when treating neonatal aspiration syndromes. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2019;13(2):193–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2019.1562340.
Copetti R, Cattarossi L. The ‘double lung point’: an ultrasound sign diagnostic of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Neonatology. 2007;91(3):203–9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000097454.
Cotten CM. Pulmonary hypoplasia. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;22(4):250–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2017.06.004.
Cristallo Lacalamita M, Fau S, Bornand A, Vidal I, Martino A, Eperon I, et al. Tracheal agenesis: optimization of computed tomography diagnosis by airway ventilation. Pediatr Radiol. 2018;48(3):427–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-017-4024-5.
Desir A, Ghaye B. Congenital abnormalities of intrathoracic airways. Radiol Clin N Am. 2009;47(2):203–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2008.11.009.
Donoghue V, editor. Radiological imaging of the neonatal chest. Medical radiology (diagnostic imaging). Berlin: Springer; 2008.
Gabelloni M, Faggioni L, Accogli S, Aringhieri G, Neri E. Pulmonary sequestration: what the radiologist should know. Clin Imaging. 2021;73:61–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.11.040.
Gordon E, South M, McDougall PN, Dargaville PA. Blood aspiration syndrome as a cause of respiratory distress in the newborn infant. J Pediatr. 2003;142(2):200–2. https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2003.36.
Gunn C, O’Brien K, Fosså K, Tonkopi E, Lanca L, Martins CT, et al. A multi institutional comparison of imaging dose and technique protocols for neonatal chest radiography. Radiography (Lond). 2020;26(2):e66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2019.10.013.
Hedlund GL, Griscom NT, Cleaveland RH, Kirks DR. Respiratory system. In: Kirks DR, Griscom NT, editors. Practical pediatric imaging diagnostic radiology of infants and children. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998. p. 619–819.
Jasinovic T, Thamboo A, Osiovich H, Scheepers L, Robinson A, Ludemann JP. Best management of ultra-small tracheobronchial foreign bodies in neonates. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77(3):434–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.12.004.
Jiang X, Baad M, Reiser I, Feinstein KA, Lu Z. Effect of comfort pads and incubator design on neonatal radiography. Pediatr Radiol. 2016;46(1):112–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-015-3450-5.
Katz C, Bentur L, Elias N. Clinical implication of lung fluid balance in the perinatal period. J Perinatol. 2011;31(4):230–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2010.134.
Körner M, Weber CH, Wirth S, Pfeifer KJ, Reiser MF, Treitl M. Advances in digital radiography: physical principles and system overview. Radiographics. 2007;27(3):675–86. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.273065075.
Leblanc C, Baron M, Desselas E, Phan MH, Rybak A, Thouvenin G, et al. Congenital pulmonary airway malformations: state-of-the-art review for pediatrician’s use. Eur J Pediatr. 2017;176(12):1559–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-017-3032-7.
Leekumnerdthai C, Trinavarat P, Sosothikul D, Leelakanok N. Imaging findings of spontaneous thymic hemorrhage in infancy: case report and literature review. ASEAN J Radiol. 2020;21(2):44–57. https://www.asean-journal-radiology.org/index.php/ajr/article/view/71.
Limaïem F, Ayadi-Kaddour A, Djilani H, Kilani T, El Mezni F. Pulmonary and mediastinal bronchogenic cysts: a clinicopathologic study of 33 cases. Lung. 2008;186(1):55–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-007-9056-4.
Lincoln JC, Stark J, Subramanian S, Aberdeen E, Bonham-Carter RE, Berry CL, et al. Congenital lobar emphysema. Ann Surg. 1971;173(1):55–62. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-197101000-00008.
Liu J. Lung ultrasonography for the diagnosis of neonatal lung disease. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27(8):856–61. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2013.844125.
Liu J, Cao HY, Fu W. Lung ultrasonography to diagnose meconium aspiration syndrome of the newborn. J Int Med Res. 2016;44(6):1534–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060516663954.
Mani H, Suarez E, Stocker JT. The morphologic spectrum of infantile lobar emphysema: a study of 33 cases. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2004;5(Suppl A):S313–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1526-0542(04)90056-5.
Miller KE, Edwards DK, Hilton S, Collins D, Lynch F, Williams R. Acquired lobar emphysema in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: an iatrogenic disease? Radiology. 1981;138(3):589–92. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.138.3.7465834.
Morini F, Zani A, Conforti A, van Heurn E, Eaton S, Puri P, et al. Current management of congenital pulmonary airway malformations: a “European Pediatric Surgeons’ Association” Survey. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2018;28(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604020.
National Organization for Rare Disorders. Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia. https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/congenital-pulmonary-lymphangiectasia/. Accessed 3 Oct 2021a.
National Organization for Rare Disorders. Pentalogy of Cantrell. https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/pentalogy-of-cantrell/. Accessed 3 Oct 2021b.
Ng J, Antao B, Bartram J, Raghavan A, Shawis R. Diagnostic difficulties in the management of H-type tracheoesophageal fistula. Acta Radiol. 2006;47(8):801–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/02841850600854902.
Nickoloff EL, Berdon WE, Lu ZF, Ruzal-Shapiro CB, So JC, Dutta AK. Pediatric high KV/filtered airway radiographs: comparison of CR and film-screen systems. Pediatr Radiol. 2002;32(7):476–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-002-0689-4.
Ohno Y, Koyama H, Lee HY, Miura S, Yoshikawa T, Sugimura K. Contrast-enhanced CT- and MRI-based perfusion assessment for pulmonary diseases: basics and clinical applications. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2016;22(5):407–21. https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2016.16123.
Owens CM. Meconium aspiration. In: Donoghue V, editor. Radiological imaging of the neonatal chest. Medical radiology (diagnostic imaging). Berlin: Springer; 2008. p. 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33749-2_6.
Peng W, Yang J, Liu E. Analysis of 170 cases of congenital TB reported in the literature between 1946 and 2009. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011;46(12):1215–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.21490.
Perea L, Blinman T, Piccione J, Laje P. Bilateral congenital lobar emphysema: staged management. J Pediatr Surg. 2017;52(9):1442–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.01.056.
Raman SP, Pipavath SN, Raghu G, Schmidt RA, Godwin JD. Imaging of thoracic lymphatic diseases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;193(6):1504–13. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.2532.
Raol N, Schrepfer T, Hartnick C. Aspiration and dysphagia in the neonatal patient. Clin Perinatol. 2018;45(4):645–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2018.07.005.
Riedlinger WF, Vargas SO, Jennings RW, Estroff JA, Barnewolt CE, Lillehei CW, et al. Bronchial atresia is common to extralobar sequestration, intralobar sequestration, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, and lobar emphysema. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2006;9(5):361–73. https://doi.org/10.2350/06-01-0023.1.
Sarper A, Ayten A, Golbasi I, Demircan A, Isin E. Bronchogenic cyst. Tex Heart Inst J. 2003;30(2):105–8.
Schneider K. The normal child: growth and development of the infant and child; frequent and important normal variants. In: Daldrup-Link HE, Gooding CA, editors. Essentials of pediatric radiology: a multimodality approach. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2010. p. 1–18.
Seibert JA, Morin RL. The standardized exposure index for digital radiography: an opportunity for optimization of radiation dose to the pediatric population. Pediatr Radiol. 2011;41(5):573–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-010-1954-6.
Sharma D, Farahbakhsh N. Role of chest ultrasound in neonatal lung disease: a review of current evidences. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32(2):310–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2017.1376317.
Smet MH, Breysem L, Mussen E, Bosmans H, Marshall NW, Cockmartin L. Visual grading analysis of digital neonatal chest phantom X-ray images: impact of detector type, dose and image processing on image quality. Eur Radiol. 2018;28(7):2951–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-017-5301-2.
Smith MM, Huang A, Labbé M, Lubov J, Nguyen LHP. Clinical presentation and airway management of tracheal atresia: a systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;101:57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.07.028.
Soldati G, Demi M, Inchingolo R, Smargiassi A, Demi L. On the physical basis of pulmonary sonographic interstitial syndrome. J Ultrasound Med. 2016;35(10):2075–86. https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.15.08023.
Sorantin E. Soft-copy display and reading: what the radiologist should know in the digital era. Pediatr Radiol. 2008;38(12):1276–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-008-0898-6.
Swischuk LE. Imaging of the newborn, infant and young child. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. p. 1–170.
Thacker PG, Rao AG, Hill JG, Lee EY. Congenital lung anomalies in children and adults: current concepts and imaging findings. Radiol Clin N Am. 2014;52(1):155–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2013.09.001.
Thakkar HS, Durell J, Chakraborty S, Tingle BL, Choi A, Fowler DJ, et al. Antenatally detected congenital pulmonary airway malformations: the Oxford experience. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2017;27(4):324–9. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1593379.
Walker CM, Wu CC, Gilman MD, Godwin JD II, Shepard JA, Abbott GF. The imaging spectrum of bronchopulmonary sequestration. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2014;43(3):100–14. https://doi.org/10.1067/j.cpradiol.2014.01.005.
Woodring JH, Howard TA, Kanga JF. Congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome revisited. Radiographics. 1994;14(2):349–69. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.14.2.8190958.
Yeh SH, Ni YH, Hsu WM, Chen HL, Wu JF, Chang MH. Use of retrograde esophagoscopy in delayed primary esophageal anastomosis for isolated esophageal atresia. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2010;20(1):40–4. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1234117.
Zarfati A, Voglino V, Tomà P, Cutrera R, Frediani S, Inserra A. Conservative management of congenital bronchial atresia: the Bambino Gesù children’s hospital experience. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021;56(7):2164–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.25385.
Zirpoli S, Munari AM, Primolevo A, Scarabello M, Costanzo S, Farolfi A, et al. Agreement between magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the postnatal evaluation of congenital lung malformations: a pilot study. Eur Radiol. 2019;29(9):4544–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06042-w.
Acknowledgement
Acknowledgment to Dr. Atchara Mahayosnond, Dr. Teerasak Phewplung, and Dr. Nattinee Leelakanok from Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University for image contribution.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
10.1 Electronic Supplementary Material
Ped Chest X-ray (MP4 786111 kb)
Pediatric chest (MP4 43075 kb)
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Trinavarat, P., Riccabona, M. (2023). Chest and Lung Imaging in Preterms and Neonates. In: Riccabona, M. (eds) Imaging in Neonates. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15729-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15729-5_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-15728-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-15729-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)