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Heart Failure and Acute Circulatory Failure in COVID-19 (Epidemiology, Influence on Prognosis, Pathogenesis, Treatment)

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Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cardiology ((CONCARD))

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Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in China in December 2019. The virus has spread rapidly around the world, causing more than 6.1 million deaths as of April 4, 2022, and posing an urgent challenge to the public health care system and the socio-economy. Although the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 is the lungs, it also affects the cardiovascular system. Myocardial injury as detected by elevated serum troponin, has been reported in up to 20% of COVID-19 patients, resulting in the development or exacerbation of heart failure (HF). The pathogenesis of myocardial injury may be multifactorial, with direct myocardial injury from SARS-CoV-2, systemic inflammatory response, hypoxic injury, and endothelial dysfunction-induced coagulation disorder. And both pre-existing HF and new onset of HF have consistently been shown to be strong prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients. At this point, however, initiating specific medications to prevent the development or exacerbation of HF is not an evidence-based practice, and the treatment following the current HF guidelines should be provided based on patients’ clinical manifestations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany

    Ryosuke Sato & Evertz Ruben

  2. German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Stephan von Haehling

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  1. Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland

    Maciej Banach

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Sato, R., Ruben, E., von Haehling, S. (2022). Heart Failure and Acute Circulatory Failure in COVID-19 (Epidemiology, Influence on Prognosis, Pathogenesis, Treatment). In: Banach, M. (eds) Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15478-2_9

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