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Strategies for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Ecosystems

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Global Agricultural Production: Resilience to Climate Change

Abstract

Climate change, driven by rising greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere, poses serious and wide-ranging threats to human societies and natural ecosystems all over the world. Agriculture and forestry account for roughly one-third of global emissions, including 9 to 14% of GHGs from crop and livestock activities. Due to increasing demand based on human population and income growth and dietary change, GHG emissions are likely to increase by about 76% by 2050 relative to the levels in 1995. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are the major GHGs contributed from the agricultural sector, contributing 50 and 70%, respectively, to the total levels. However, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are mainly contributed by a change in land use patterns and decomposition of organic materials. Global emission pathways that would limit warming to 1.5 °C or less, in line with the Paris Agreement’s temperature goal, depend on significant reductions in agricultural GHGs (N2O and CH4) as well as net zero CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. As the agricultural sector mainly contributes to N2O and CH4, 4.8 Gt CO2-eq reduction in direct global agricultural non-CO2 emissions below baseline by 2050 is needed. These ambitious targets of mitigation pathways present an enormous challenge, and accomplishment of these goals is only possible by the implementation of effective GHG mitigation strategies to the agricultural sector. Mitigation measures in the agricultural sector include increasing C sequestration as well as reduction in the GHGs from livestock and agricultural processes. In this chapter, we discussed mitigation strategies for GHG emissions from the agricultural sector at the global scale.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the following entities for supporting research related to mitigating GHG emissions from the agricultural sector: the Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University; Feed the Future Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab funded by the United States Agency for International Development (grant number AID-OAA-L-14-00006); and funds allocated to the USDA-ARS project 3070-21610-003-00D by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, United States Department of Agriculture (award number 2019-68012-29888). Contribution number 22-240-B from Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA

    H. Singh, P. V. V. Prasad, I. A. Ciampitti & C. W. Rice

  2. Agronomy Department, West Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Jay, FL, USA

    B. K. Northup

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  1. H. Singh
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Correspondence to P. V. V. Prasad .

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  1. Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Mukhtar Ahmed

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Singh, H., Prasad, P.V.V., Northup, B.K., Ciampitti, I.A., Rice, C.W. (2022). Strategies for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Ecosystems. In: Ahmed, M. (eds) Global Agricultural Production: Resilience to Climate Change . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14973-3_16

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