Abstract
The creative capacity of machines is still questioned by researchers and users alike. For this reason, computational creativity does not only focus on the development of machines for the creation of artistic content but also on the evaluation of the generated content. This works presents a system that composes polyphonic music from the drawings of a user in real time. Our proposal provides an analysis of the Fantasia film, produced in 1940 by Walt Disney and deduces the relationship between its audio and images. As part of system development, an LSTM-based Recurrent Neural Network was trained with MIDI music files and a model was obtained. As a result, the proposed system generates polyphonic music with expressive timing and dynamics by inferring chords from the user’s drawings. To assess the creative ability of the machine a Turing test was conducted and the quality of the interconnection between drawings and music was measured by another user test. Additionally, the performance of the considered classifiers is discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473 (2014)
Bay, H., Ess, A., Tuytelaars, T., Van Gool, L.: Speeded-up robust features (surf). Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 110(3), 346–359 (2008)
Ben-Tal, O., Berger, J., Cook, B., Daniels, M., Scavone, G.: Sonart: the sonification application research toolbox. Georgia Institute of Technology (2002)
Clague, M.: Playing in’toon: walt disney’s “Fantasia’’(1940) and the imagineering of classical music. Am. Music. 22(1), 91–109 (2004)
Conklin, D.: Music generation from statistical models. In: Proceedings of the AISB 2003 Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Creativity in the Arts and Sciences, pp. 30–35. Citeseer (2003)
Dhakar, L.: Color thief. http://lokeshdhakar.com/projects/color-thief/ (2011). Accessed: 02 May 2018
Driedger, J., Müller, M., Disch, S.: Extending harmonic-percussive separation of audio signals. In: ISMIR, pp. 611–616 (2014)
Fitzgerald, D.: Harmonic/percussive separation using median filtering (2010)
Google: magenta - make music and art using machine learning.https://magenta.tensorflow.org/ (2015). Accessed 21 Feb 2018
Hassan, M., Bhagvati, C.: Evaluation of image quality assessment metrics: color quantization noise. Evaluation 9(1) (2015)
Ibraheem, N.A., Hasan, M.M., Khan, R.Z., Mishra, P.K.: Understanding color models: a review. ARPN J. Sci. Technol. 2(3), 265–275 (2012)
Korzeniowski, F., Widmer, G.: Feature learning for chord recognition: the deep chroma extractor. arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.05065 (2016)
Lowe, D.G.: Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 60(2), 91–110 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94
Lu, G., Phillips, J.: Using perceptually weighted histograms for colour-based image retrieval. In: Signal Processing Proceedings, 1998. ICSP 1998. 1998 Fourth International Conference on, vol. 2, pp. 1150–1153. IEEE (1998)
Maher, M.L.: Computational and collective creativity: who’s being creative? In: ICCC, pp. 67–71. Citeseer (2012)
Mann, Y.: A. I. Duet - A piano that responds to you. https://github.com/googlecreativelab/aiexperiments-ai-duet (2017). Accessed 19 Feb 2018
Martin, C.P., Torresen, J.: Robojam: a musical mixture density network for collaborative touchscreen interaction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.10746 (2017)
McCormack, J.: Grammar based music composition. Complex Syst. 96, 321–336 (1996)
Müller, M., Ewert, S.: Chroma toolbox: matlab implementations for extracting variants of chroma-based audio features. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR), 2011. hal-00727791, version 2–22 Oct 2012. Citeseer (2011)
Müller, M., Kurth, F., Clausen, M.: Audio matching via chroma-based statistical features. In: ISMIR, vol. 2005, p. 6th (2005)
Navarro-Cáceres, M., Bajo, J., Corchado, J.M.: Applying social computing to generate sound clouds. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 57, 171–183 (2017)
Roberts, A., et al.: Interactive musical improvisation with magenta. In: Proceedings Neural Information Processing Systems (2016)
Rublee, E., Rabaud, V., Konolige, K., Bradski, G.: Orb: an efficient alternative to SIFT or SURF. In: Computer Vision (ICCV), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 2564–2571. IEEE (2011)
Sak, H., Senior, A., Beaufays, F.: Long short-term memory recurrent neural network architectures for large scale acoustic modeling. In: Fifteenth Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (2014)
Sanz, J.C.: Lenguaje del color: (sinestesia cromática en poesía y arte visual). El autor (1981)
Simon, I., Sageev, O.: Performance rnn: generating music with expressive timing and dynamics. https://magenta.tensorflow.org/performance-rnn (2017). Accessed 19 Feb 2018
Smith, K.: Kenzie smith piano - anime covers for piano. https://kenziesmithpiano.com/anime-midi/ (2018). Accessed 27 Jan 2018
Tsoumakas, G., Vlahavas, I.: Random k-Labelsets: an ensemble method for multilabel classification. In: Kok, J.N., Koronacki, J., Mantaras, R.L., Matwin, S., Mladenič, D., Skowron, A. (eds.) ECML 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4701, pp. 406–417. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74958-5_38
Unemi, T., Matsui, Y., Bisig, D.: Identity SA 1.6: an artistic software that produces a deformed audiovisual reflection based on a visually interactive swarm. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, pp. 297–300. ACM (2008)
Waite, E., Eck, D., Roberts, A., Abolafia, D.: Generating long-term structure in songs and stories. https://magenta.tensorflow.org/2016/07/15/lookback-rnn-attention-rnn (2016). Accessed 19 Feb 2018
Yang, J., Jiang, Y.G., Hauptmann, A.G., Ngo, C.W.: Evaluating bag-of-visual-words representations in scene classification. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval, pp. 197–206. ACM (2007)
Yang, L.C., Chou, S.Y., Yang, Y.H.: Midinet: a convolutional generative adversarial network for symbolic-domain music generation. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2017), Suzhou, China (2017)
Yang, N.C., Chang, W.H., Kuo, C.M., Li, T.H.: A fast mpeg-7 dominant color extraction with new similarity measure for image retrieval. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 19(2), 92–105 (2008)
Zhang, M.L., Zhou, Z.H.: ML-KNN: a lazy learning approach to multi-label learning. Pattern Recogn. 40(7), 2038–2048 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Martín-Gómez, L., Pérez-Marcos, J., Rivero, A.J.L., Bermúdez, G.M.T. (2023). Drawing Music: Using Neural Networks to Compose Descriptive Music from Illustrations. In: de la Iglesia, D.H., de Paz Santana, J.F., López Rivero, A.J. (eds) New Trends in Disruptive Technologies, Tech Ethics and Artificial Intelligence. DiTTEt 2022. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1430. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14859-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14859-0_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-14858-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-14859-0
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)