Abstract
This chapter describes the problem space and objective of this book and summarizes the methodology.
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Notes
- 1.
Akoma Ntoso means “linked hearts” in the Akan language of West Africa and is an acronym for “Architecture for Knowledge-Oriented Management of African Normative Texts using Open Standards and Ontologies.” While the correct citation of the standard is Akoma Ntoso (AKN), it is maintained and promoted by the OASIS LegalDocumentML (LegalDocML) Technical Committee (TC) and sometimes (erroneously) referred to as LegalDocML. It is pronounced “a-coma-in-toso.” See also Dimyadi et al. (2017).
- 2.
In 2019, Germany decided to adopt AKN as the underlying data format for its project to digitalize the entire legislative lifecycle from drafting to publication under the title “LegalDocML.de.” See Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat (2020), Spezifikation LegalDocML.de—XML-Standard für Dokumente der Bundesrechtsetzung, Fassung vom 27.03.2020, Version 1.0, p. 2, and Deutscher Bundestag (2020, p. 1). Also see http://egesetzgebung.bund.de/index_en.html and http://egesetzgebung.bund.de/legaldocml.html. For a more comprehensive German description, see Piesker et al. (2020).
- 3.
On the need to adapt AKN to local customs, see, e.g., (Vergottini, 2018). More generally, see Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (2018), Akoma Ntoso Version 1.0 Part 1: XML Vocabulary. Edited by Monica Palmirani, Roger Sperberg, Grant Vergottini, and Fabio Vitali. 29 August 2018. OASIS Standard. http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akncore/v1.0/os/part1-vocabulary/akn-core-v1.0-os-part1-vocabulary.html. Latest version: http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/akn-core-v1.0-part1-vocabulary.html, http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/. On the complexity in digitalizing legal systems, see, e.g., Piesker et al. (2020), for such considerations as exemplified by the German and EU legal systems.
- 4.
- 5.
See Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat, Projektgruppe Digitale Verwaltung 2020, Projektgruppe Gemeinsame IT des Bundes (2021d), Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat, Projektgruppe Digitale Verwaltung 2020, Projektgruppe Gemeinsame IT des Bundes (2021c), Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat 2020. On the German XÖV toolchain that also uses a similar approach, see Büttner et al. (2014).
- 6.
References
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Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat, Projektgruppe Digitale Verwaltung 2020, Projektgruppe Gemeinsame IT des Bundes. (2017). Dritter Newsletter der eGesetzgebung. Newsletter. https://www.verwaltunginnovativ.de/SharedDocs/Publikationen/Gesetzgebung/dritter_newsletter.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3 (visited on: 04/20/2021).
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Vergottini, G. (2018). The pocket guide to Akoma Ntoso (2nd ed.). Xcential Corporation. https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/62993/The%20Pocket%20Guide%20to%20Akoma%20Ntoso%20-%202nd%20Edition.docx
Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat. (2020). Spezifikation LegalDocML.de—XML-Standard für Dokumente der Bundesrechtsetzung, Fassung vom 27.03.2020, Version 1.0. https://fragdenstaat.de/a/202866
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards. (2018). Akoma Ntoso Version 1.0 Part 1: XML Vocabulary Edited by Monica Palmirani, Roger Sperberg, Grant Vergottini, and Fabio Vitali, 29 August 2018. OASIS Standard, http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0-os-part1-vocabulary/akn-core-v1.0/os/part1-vocabulary.html. Latestversion: http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/akn-core-v1.0-part1-vocabulary.html, http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/
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Flatt, A., Langner, A., Leps, O. (2022). Introduction. In: Model-Driven Development of Akoma Ntoso Application Profiles. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14132-4_1
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