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Evaluating Teacher Performance and Teaching Effectiveness: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations

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Teacher Evaluation Around the World

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Abstract

Educational theory inextricably links teachers to student learning, as the key factor mediating educational policies and student experiences in the classroom, with research consistently showing a relationship between a range of teacher and classroom variables that exert an important influence on student outcomes. This chapter highlights the key conceptual and methodological issues involved in the evaluation of teaching and teachers, with particular focus on the distinction between the concepts of performance and effectiveness. It considers the implications of assumptions and choices around why the evaluation is conducted, what is evaluated, and how it is evaluated, presenting a range of methods to collect data on performance and effectiveness. Additionally, we analyze issues related to the reliability and validity of resulting inferences about teacher performance or effectiveness and the implications for policy and practice. Finally, the distinctions and commonalities in evaluating performance and effectiveness in practice are exemplified through the presentation of different models of teacher evaluation.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Subject knowledge; commitment to student learning; monitoring and managing student learning; reflecting around and learning about their own practice; and membership in learning communities.

  2. 2.

    Learner development; learning differences; learning environments; content knowledge; application of content; assessment, planning for instruction; instructional strategies; professional learning and ethical practice; and leadership and collaboration.

  3. 3.

    In 2020, guidelines for remote teaching were issued for the FFT, which focus on components that are thought to be most relevant for online learning and remote instruction (The Danielson Group, 2020).

  4. 4.

    The area of emotional support encompasses the dimensions of classroom climate, teacher sensitivity, and regard for student perspectives, while classroom organization includes behavior management, productivity, and instructional learning format. Finally, instructional support is operationalized into concept development, quality of feedback, and language modeling.

  5. 5.

    In these models, teachers who have been identified for their excellence in teaching and mentoring are chosen as coaches to provide support to new teachers as well as experienced colleagues who may require help. Coaches are also responsible for the teachers’ formal personnel evaluations. Typically, coaches do not work in a single school, but are matched with teachers from different schools according to grade level or subject area.

  6. 6.

    AYPs were defined as a specific amount of yearly progress in standardized test scores a school, district, or state was expected to make in a year.

  7. 7.

    Schools can adopt commercially available tests or develop their own, provided these are “rigorous, aligned to content standards, and appropriate for the teacher’s classes and students” (District of Columbia Public Schools, 2011, p. 2; Gitomer & Joyce, 2015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UCLA, Los Ángeles, CA, USA

    María Paz Fernández & José Felipe Martínez

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  1. María Paz Fernández
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  2. José Felipe Martínez
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Correspondence to María Paz Fernández .

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  1. UC MIDE Measurement Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Jorge Manzi

  2. Center for Professional Teacher Development, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile

    Yulan Sun

  3. UC MIDE Measurement Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

    María Rosa García

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Fernández, M.P., Martínez, J.F. (2022). Evaluating Teacher Performance and Teaching Effectiveness: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations. In: Manzi, J., Sun, Y., García, M.R. (eds) Teacher Evaluation Around the World. Teacher Education, Learning Innovation and Accountability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13639-9_3

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