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Effects of Insulin on the Vascular System

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Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cardiology ((CONCARD))

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Abstract

Insulin is a hormone that in addition to its array of metabolic actions also modulates its delivery to target organs via the cardiovascular system allowing efficient clearance of glucose and other nutrients with little or no hyperglycemia. Insulin’s effects on the cardiovascular system are multiple and appear well coordinated including increased endothelial nitric oxide production, stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, and blunting of vasopressor action at the level of skeletal muscle vessels which, in turn, preferentially increases delivery of insulin and nutrients to this organ. Insulin resistance as observed with obesity and diabetes is associated with blunting or abrogating of insulin’s non-metabolic effects which enhances dysglycemia and contributes to cardiovascular disease.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants DK 42469, DK20542 (Dr. Baron), and MO1 RR750-19 (Dr. Steinberg) from the National Institutes of Health, and a Veterans Affairs Merit Review Award. Dr. Steinberg was recipient of the CAP award MO1-RR750-19 from the National Institutes of Health. The authors wish to thank Patricia Hill and Daphne Damper for their expert and invaluable help in preparing the manuscript.

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  1. The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

    Anthony S. Sallar & Helmut O. Steinberg

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  1. Anthony S. Sallar
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Correspondence to Helmut O. Steinberg .

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  1. Steward St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Tufts University Medical School, Brighton, MA, USA

    Michael Johnstone

  2. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Aristidis Veves

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Sallar, A.S., Steinberg, H.O. (2023). Effects of Insulin on the Vascular System. In: Johnstone, M., Veves, A. (eds) Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13177-6_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13177-6_2

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-13176-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-13177-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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