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Lifestyle Factors

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Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Part of the book series: Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry ((TECD))

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Abstract

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is reported to be associated with the use of betel quid and areca nut chewing. While areca nut is consumed in various forms around the world, all areca nut products contribute to an increased risk for developing OSF. The reported intensity and duration of chewing have led to different levels of risks. In this chapter, we review the literature published since the year 1985 that assesses the risk of developing OSF and discuss the current evidence that points to betel quid and areca nut as the major causative agents for OSF. Daily chewing frequency is a better dose-response measure than duration of chewing for predicting the risk of OSF. The cut off points for higher risk are as low as five for women and two for men. In several published studies, the possible confounding effects from tobacco or alcohol consumption have been addressed by multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for tobacco and alcohol use or by stratified groups. There is sufficient epidemiological evidence that betel quid and areca nut chewing are the primary lifestyle factors increasing the risk of OSF in humans.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan

    Yi-Hsin Connie Yang

  2. King’s College London, and the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK

    Saman Warnakulasuriya

Authors
  1. Yi-Hsin Connie Yang
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  2. Saman Warnakulasuriya
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Correspondence to Yi-Hsin Connie Yang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Dentistry Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK

    Saman Warnakulasuriya

  2. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, The TN Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Kannan Ranganathan

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Yang, YH.C., Warnakulasuriya, S. (2023). Lifestyle Factors. In: Warnakulasuriya, S., Ranganathan, K. (eds) Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12855-4_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12855-4_8

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-12854-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-12855-4

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