Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Migration of LGBTQI+ People: Sexual and/or Gender Minority Migrants, Refugees, and Asylum-Seekers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Integrative Social Work Practice with Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Other Forcibly Displaced Persons

Part of the book series: Essential Clinical Social Work Series ((ECSWS))

  • 917 Accesses

Abstract

Violence and persecution faced by people with nonnormative sexualities and genders (Abu-Assab N, Nasser-Eddin N, Greatrick A, Conceptualising sexualities in the MENA region: undoing LGBTQI Categories: implications for rights based advocacy approaches. Centre for Transnational Development and Collaboration, London, 2017) have resulted in the forced migration of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people, particularly from the Global South to the Global North. This chapter provides a brief historical overview of the relationship between colonial regimes and the criminalization of nonnormative sexualities and genders, particularly within the Global South, as well as the emergence of the legal recognition of LGBTQI+ migrants in Canada and the United States, with a particular focus on sexual orientation, gender identity and expression (SOGIE)-based refugee claims. There will be an exploration of post-migration policy challenges and structural barriers faced by sexual and gender minority (SGM) migrants, with a focus on asylum-seekers. This chapter also explores both micro- and macrofactors that shape pre- and post-forced migration experiences of SGM migrants, including initial reflections on the impacts of COVID-19. In addition to highlighting key frameworks addressed in the literature regarding practice with LGBTQI+ migrants, an in-depth case study of an LGBTQI+ migrant health clinic will be presented to highlight the ways in which social workers and directly impacted people can contribute to an innovative model of integrated service delivery. Thus, this chapter aims to present approaches, models, knowledge, skills, and strategies to engage in integrative social work practice with LGBTQI+ migrants, including advancing policy change and advocacy strategies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Under the Safe Third Country Agreement between Canada and the United States, refugee claimants are required to request refugee protection in the first country they arrive in, unless they qualify for an exception to the agreement.

  2. 2.

    In order to access the inland refugee claim process in Canada, migrants must make a request to file a refugee claim at the border (i.e., Canada–US border), at the airport upon arrival to Canada, or after crossing the border at a refugee claim office.

  3. 3.

    For more information about the Justice for Trans Migrations campaign, please see https://www.agirmontreal.org/en/tmc-press-release

  4. 4.

    For more information about the court case, please see https://genderadvocacy.org/trial-updates/

  5. 5.

    Please note that trans people use different terms to describe their name assigned at birth, such as “deadname,” legal name, etc.

  6. 6.

    For more information about how the UNHRC supports LGBTI people, please see https://www.unhcr.org/lgbti-persons.html

References

  • Abdi, M. A. (2011). Gender outlaws between earth and sky: Iranian transgender asylum seekers trapped within (inter)national heteronormative frameworks. MA thesis, Central European University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abu-Assab, N., Nasser-Eddin, N., & Greatrick, A. (2017). Conceptualising sexualities in the MENA region: Undoing LGBTQI categories: Implications for rights based advocacy approaches. Centre for Transnational Development and Collaboration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alessi, E. J., & Kahn, S. (2017). A framework for clinical practice with sexual and gender minority asylum seekers. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 4(4), 383–391. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association. (2014). Guidelines for clinical supervision in health service psychology. Retrieved from http://apa.org/about/policy/guidelines-supervision.pdf

  • Aubé, T., Pisanu, S., & Merry, L. (2019). La Maison Bleue: Strengthening resilience among migrant mothers living in Montreal, Canada. PLoS One, 14(7), e0220107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Awondo, P. (2010). Trajectoires homosexuelles et migrations internationales: Expériences de Camerounais en couple avec des Français à Paris. Diasporas, 15, 37–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Awondo, P., Geschiere, P., & Reid, G. (2012). Homophobic Africa? Toward a more nuance view. African Studies Review, 55(3), 145–168. https://doi.org/10.1353/arw.2012.0067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, G. R., Hammond, R., Travers, R., Kaay, M., Hohenadel, K. M., & Boyce, M. (2009). I don’t think this is theoretical; this is our lives: how erasure impacts health care for transgender people. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 20(5), 348–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaudry, C. (2018). «Le groupe, c’est ma famille»: la famille choisie selon l’intersectionnalité poststructurelle et l’approche informée par le trauma auprès d’un groupe pour minorités sexuelles et de genre migrantes. Revue Intervention, 148, 17–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, C., & Thomas, F. (2013). Seeking asylum in the UK: Lesbian perspectives. Forced Migration Review, 44, 25–28. http://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/sogi/bennett-thomas.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Berg, L., & Millbank, J. (2013). Developing a jurisprudence of transgender particular social group. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2312887

  • Caron, R., & Lee, E. O. (2020). Towards a decolonial feminist approach to social work education and practice. In T. Kleibl, R. Lutz, N. Noyoo, B. Bunk, A. Dittmann, & B. Seepamore (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of postcolonial social work (pp. 71–87). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerezo, A. (2016). The impact of discrimination on mental health symptomatology in sexual minority immigrant Latinas. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 3(3), 283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chbat, M. (2011). Articulations et négociations des identifications ethno-sexuelles des gais et des lesbiennes d’origine libanaise à Montréal. Master’s thesis, Université de Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chhoeurng, R., Kong, Y., & Power, E. (2016). Poverty of LGBT people in Cambodia. Micro Rainbow International CIC. https://www.micro-rainbow.org/downloads/CambodiaReportEN.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, C. (1997). Punks, bulldaggers and welfare queens: The radical potential of queer politics? Feminist Theory, 4(3), 359–364. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-3-4-437

  • Cohen, C. J. (2005). Punks, bulldaggers, and welfare queens: The radical potential of queer politics? In Black queer studies (pp. 21–51). Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, P. H., & Bilge, S. (2016). Intersectionality. Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crenshaw, K. (1990). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. The Stanford Law Review, 43, 1241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Currier, A. (2014). Arrested solidarity: Obstacles to intermovement support for LGBT rights in Malawi. Women’s Studies Quarterly, 42(3/4), 146–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutta, A., & Roy, R. (2014). Decolonizing transgender in India: Some reflections. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly, 1(3), 320–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekine, S. (2013). Contesting narratives of queer Africa. In S. Ekine & H. Abbas (Eds.), Queer African reader (pp. 78–91). Pambazuka Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • El Menyawi, H. (2006). Activism from the closet: Gay rights strategising in Egypt. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 7(1), 28–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • El Menyawi, H. (2012). The great reversal: How nations in the Muslim world went from tolerating same-sex practices to repressing LGB people, 1750–2010. Department of Sociology, New York University.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Hage, H., & Lee, E. O. J. (2016). LGBTQ racisés: frontières identitaires et barrières structurelles. Alterstice: Revue internationale de la recherche interculturelle, 6(2), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.7202/1040629ar

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, S., & Carrillo, H. (2014). Immigrant sexual citizenship: Intersectional templates among Mexican gay immigrants to the United States. Citizenship Studies, 18(3–4), 259–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faddoul, M. (2019). Articulation des questions trans en travail social: Pratiques et points de vue des intervenant.e.s sociaux. Mémoire. Montréal (Québec, Canada), Université du Québec à Montréal, Maîtrise en travail social. http://archipel.uqam.ca/id/eprint/13648

  • Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed, translated by Myra Bergman Ramos, Continuum book. Herder and Herder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuentes-Bernal, J., Hamila, A., Ayad, I., Sinno, A., Tiedjou, J. A., Gerembaya, M., O’Neill, B., & Lee, E. O. (2021). Inclure les personnes concernées dans la production du savoir sur les personnes LGBTQI+ migrantes à travers la recherche communautaire: Limites structurelles, défis méthodologiques et pistes de réflexions. Alterstice, 10(1), 81–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, M. (2012). Migration traumatic experiences and refugee distress: Implications for social work practice. Clinical Social Work Journal, 40(4), 429–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-012-0397-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldring, L., & Landolt, P. (Eds.). (2013). Producing and negotiating non-citizenship: Precarious legal status in Canada. University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grungras, N., Levin, R., & Slotek, A. (2009). Unsafe haven: Security challenges facing LGBT asylum seekers and refugees in Turkey. ORAM. Available at http://www.refworld.org/docid/524c114f4.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Guattari, F. (2015). Psychoanalysis and transversality: Texts and interviews 1955–1971. Semiotext(e).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A. (2008). This alien legacy: The origins of “sodomy” laws in British Colonialism. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved from http://www.hrw.org/reports/2008/12/17/alien-legacy-0

  • Hamila, A. (2020). Sortir du placard, entrer en Europe. La fabrique des “réfugiés LGBTI” en Belgique, en France et au Royaume-Uni. PhD thesis, Université de Montréal/Université libre de Bruxelles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamila, A. (2021a). Traduire les persécutions: le traitement des demandes d’asile liées à l’orientation sexuelle en Europe. In B. K. Schramm (Ed.), Queer(s) et droit international (pp. 269–288). Société de législation comparée.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamila, A. (2021b). La genèse de la catégorie de “réfugié LGBT” au sein du Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés. Alterstice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamila, A., & Labelle, A. (2019). Rapport sur les conditions sociales des personnes et des organisations LGBTQI+ dans la Francophonie. EGIDES – Alliance internationale francophone pour l’égalité et les diversités.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, P. (2009). Challenges facing LGBT asylum-seekers: The role of social work in correcting oppressive immigration processes. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 21(2), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720902772246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herman, J. L. (2015). Trauma and recovery (2015 ed.). BasicBooks.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinchy, J. (2019). Governing gender and sexuality in colonial India: the Hijra, c. 1850–1900. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • International CIC. Available at https://www.micro-rainbow.org/wp-content/uploads/Final-LGBT-Poverty-in-Rio_web_reduced.pdf. Accessed 19 Oct 2017.

  • Itaborahy, I. P. (2014). LGBT people living in poverty in Rio de Janeiro. Micro Rainbow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenicek, A., Lee, E., & Wong, A. (2009). “Dangerous shortcuts”: Representations of LGBT refugees in the post 9/11 Canadian press. Canadian Journal of Communications: Special Edition on Race and Ethnicity, 34(4), 635–658.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jjuuko, A., & Tabengwa, M. (2018). Expanded criminalisation of consensual same-sex relations in Africa: Contextualising recent developments. In Envisioning global LGBT human rights: (Neo) colonialism, neoliberalism, resistance and hope (pp. 63–96).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, S. R. (2009). Un/convention(al) refugees: Contextualizing the accounts of refugees facing homophobic or transphobic persecution. Refuge, 26(2), 165–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, S. A. (2010). Un/settling: A critical ethnographic inquiry of settlement by refugees making claims based on sexual orientation or gender identity. PhD thesis, University of British Columbia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, S., & Morrissey, C. (2013). ‘On what grounds?’ LGBT asylum claims in Canada. In M. C. M. Herson (Ed.), Sexual orientation and gender identity and the protection of forced migrants. Available at http://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/sogi/jordan-morrissey.pdf

  • Kaoma, K. (2012). Colonizing African values: How the US Christian right is transforming sexual politics in Africa. Retrieved from https://www.sxpolitics.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/colonizingafricanvaluespra.pdf

  • Kirmayer, L. J., Guzder, J., & Rousseau, C. (Eds.). (2014). Cultural consultation: Encountering the other in mental health care. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirmayer, L. J., Fernando, S., Guzder, J., Lashley, M., Rousseau, C., Schouler-Ocak, M., Lewis-Fernández, R., Fung, K., & Jarvis, G. E. (2020). A call to action on racism and social justice in mental health: Un appel à l’action en matière de racisme et de justice sociale en santé mentale. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 21, 706743720964333. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720964333. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32954813.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lacombe-Duncan, A., Logie, C. H., Persad, Y., Leblanc, G., Nation, K., Kia, H., Scheim, A. I., Lyons, T., & Loutfy, M. (2020). ‘Transgender Education for Affirmative and Competent HIV and Healthcare (TEACHH)’: Protocol of community-based intervention development and a non-randomized multisite pilot study with pre–post test design in Canada. BMJ Open, 10(7), e034144. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LaViolette, N. (2009). Independent human rights documentation and sexual minorities: An ongoing challenge for the Canadian refugee determination process. The International Journal of Human Rights, 13(2–3), 437–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642980902758234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LaViolette, N. (2010). ‘UNHCR guidance note on refugee claims relating to sexual orientation and gender identity’: A critical commentary. International Journal of Refugee Law, 22(2), 173–208. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eeq019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LaViolette, N. (2013). Sexual orientation, gender identity and the refugee determination process. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2276049

  • Lee, E. O. J. (2018). Tracing the coloniality of queer and trans migrations: Resituating heterocisnormative violence in the Global South and encounters with migrant visa ineligibility to Canada. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees/Refuge: revue canadienne sur les réfugiés, 34(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, E. O. J. (2019). Responses to structural violence: The everyday ways in which queer and trans migrants with precarious status respond to and resist the Canadian immigration regime. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 10(1), 70–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, E. O., & Brotman, S. (2011). Identity, refugeeness, belonging: Experiences of sexual minority refugees in Canada. Canadian Review of Sociology, 48(3), 241–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, E. O. J., & Brotman, S. (2013). SPEAK OUT! structural intersectionality and anti-oppressive practice with LGBTQ refugees in Canada. Canadian Social Work Review/Revue canadienne de service social, 30(2), 157–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, E. O., & Brotman, S. (2015). Social work and sexual and gender diversity. In N. Ives, M. Denov, & T. Sussman (Eds.), Social work histories, contexts and practices: A Canadian perspective. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, E. O. J., & Miller, L. (2014). Entry point: Participatory media-making with queer and trans refugees: Social locations, agendas and thinking structurally. In Dans H. M. Pleasants & D. E. Salter (dir.), Community-based multiliteracies & digital media projects: Questioning assumptions and exploring realities (pp. 47–61). Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, E. O. J., Kamgain, O., Hafford-Letchfield, T., Gleeson, H., Pullen-Sansfaçon, A., & Luu, F. (2020). Knowledge and policy about LGBTQI migrants: A scoping review of the Canadian and global context. Journal of International Migration and Integration. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-020-00771-4

  • Logie, C. H., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Lee-Foon, N., Ryan, S., & Ramsay, H. (2016). “It’s for us–newcomers, LGBTQ persons, and HIV-positive persons. You feel free to be”: A qualitative study exploring social support group participation among African and Caribbean lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender newcomers and refugees in Toronto, Canada. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 16(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-016-0092-0

  • Luibhéid, E. (2008). Queer/migration: An unruly body of scholarship. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 14(2), 169–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luibhéid, E., & Chavez, K. R. (2020). Queer and trans migrations: Dynamics of illegalization, detention and deportation. University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, K. R., Ross, L. E., Rojas Gualdron, D., & Ng, S. L. (2020). Teaching health professionals how to tailor gender-affirming medicine protocols: A design thinking project. Perspectives on Medical Education, 9(5), 324–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-020-00581-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGhee, D. (2001). Persecution and social group status: Homosexual refugees in the 1990s. Journal of Refugee Studies, 14(1), 20–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medico, D., & Pullen-Sansfaçon, A. (2017). Pour des interventions anti-oppressives auprès des jeunes trans: nécessités sociales, évidences scientifiques et recommandations issues de la pratique. Service Social, 63(2), 21–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendos, L. R., Botha, K., Carrano Lelis, R., Lopez de la Pena, E., Savelev, I., & Tan, D. (2020). State-sponsored homophobia: Global legislation overview update. ILGA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 38–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morales, E. (2013). Latino lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender immigrants in the United States. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 7(2), 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538605.2013.785467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moritsugu, J., & Sue, S. (1983). Minority status as a stressor. In Preventive psychology: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 162–174).

    Google Scholar 

  • Munro, L., Travers, R., St. John, A., Klein, K., Hunter, H., Brennan, D., & Brett, C. (2013). A bed of roses? Exploring the experiences of LGBT newcomer youth who migrate to Toronto. Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care, 6(4), 137–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, D. A. (2015). Real queer?: Sexual orientation and gender identity refugees in the Canadian refugee apparatus. Pickering & Chatto Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Namaste, V. (2000). Invisible lives: The erasure of transsexual and transgendered people. University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Flaherty, M., & Fisher, J. (2008). Sexual orientation, gender identity and international human rights law: Contextualising the Yogyakarta principles. Human Rights Law Review, 8(2), 207–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, B., & Kia, H (2012). Settlement experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual newcomers in BC. Available at http://mbc.metropolis.net/assets/uploads/files/wp/2012/WP12-15.pdf

  • O’Shaughnessy, T., & Speir, Z. (2018). The state of LGBQ affirmative therapy clinical research: A mixed-methods systematic synthesis. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(1), 82–98. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ORAM. (2013). Blind alleys: The unseen struggles of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex urban refugees in Mexico, Uganda and South Africa – Part III: A tri-country comparative analysis. ORAM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orange, D. M., Atwood, G. E., & Stolorow, R. D. (2015). Working intersubjectively: Contextualism in psychoanalytic practice. Routledge. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1029823

    Google Scholar 

  • Organization for Refuge, Asylum and Migration (ORAM). (2010). Rights & protection of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender & intersex refugees & asylum seekers under the Yogyakarta principles. ORAM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortega, R. M., & Faller, K. C. (2011). Training child welfare workers from an intersectional cultural humility perspective: A paradigm shift. Child Welfare, 90(5), 27–49. PMID: 22533053.

    Google Scholar 

  • OutRight Action International. (2016). To serve and protect without exception: Addressing police abuse toward LGBTI people in the Philippines. OutRight Action International. Available at https://www.outrightinternational.org/sites/default/files/serveProtectFull.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Palazzolo, S. L., Yamanis, T. J., De Jesus, M., Maguire-Marshall, M., & Barker, S. L. (2016). Documentation status as a contextual determinant of HIV risk among young transgender Latinas. LGBT Health, 3(2), 132–138. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2015.0133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papps, E., & Ramsden, I. (1996). Cultural safety in nursing: The New Zealand experience. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 8(5), 491–497. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/8.5.491. PMID: 9117203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pieterse, M. (2015). Perverts, outlaws and dissidents: (Homo) sexual citizenship and urban space in Johannesburg. Urban Forum, 26(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-014-9247-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pincock, K. (2020). UNHCR and LGBTI refugees in Kenya: The limits of ‘protection’. Disasters. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12447. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32441384.

  • Portman, S., & Weyl, D. (2013). LGBT refugee resettlement in the US: Emerging best practices. Forced Migration Review, (42), 44—47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pope, K. S., & Keith-Spiegel, P. (2008). A practical approach to boundaries in psychotherapy: Making decisions, bypassing blunders, and mending fences. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(5), 638–652. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20477. PMID: 18386835.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, O. M. (2021). Evaluating the effectiveness of a transgender-affirmative care training on healthcare workers’ and trainees’ attitudes toward and knowledge of routine care and transition support for transgender individuals. PhD dissertation, University of Montana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regmi, P. R., & van Teijlingen, E. (2015). Importance of health and social care research into gender and sexual minority populations in Nepal. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(8), 806–808. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539515613413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rehaag, S. (2008). Patrolling the borders of sexual orientation: Bisexual refugee claims in Canada. McGill Law Journal, 53(1), 59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy, O. (2013). Homme immigrant cherche homme: (Re)formations de subjectivités ethnosexuelles en contexte post-migratoire au Québec [Immigrant man seeks man: (Re)formations of ethnosexual subjectivities in post-migration context in Quebec]. PhD, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salley, R. J. (2013). The face I love : Zanele Muholi’s ‘faces and phases’. In S. Ekine & H. Abbas (Eds.), Queer African reader. Pambazuka Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serano, J. W. G. (2007). A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity, Emeryville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serrano Sanchez, A. (2013). The migratory experiences, access to health care and employment of immigrant and refugee latinos and Latinas living with HIV in Toronto. NR98364 PhD, University of Windsor (Canada), Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah, P., Kibel, M., Ayuku, D., Lobun, R., Ayieko, J., Keter, A., et al. (2019). A pilot study of “peer navigators” to promote uptake of HIV testing, care and treatment among street-connected children and youth in Eldoret, Kenya. AIDS and Behavior, 23(4), 908–919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2276-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shidlo, A., & Ahola, J. (2013). Mental health challenges of LGBT forced migrants. Forced Migration Review, 44. Available at http://www.fmreview.org/sogi/shidlo-ahola.html. Accessed 19 Sept 2017.

  • Tervalon, M., & Murray-García, J. (1998). Cultural humility versus cultural competence: A critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 9(2), 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2010.0233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TGEU (Transgender Europe). (2014). Legal and social mapping – World #1. Legal gender recognition: Anti-discrimination, hate crime and asylum legislation. Transgender Europe (TGEU). Retrieved from https://transrespect.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/web_tvt_mapping_1_EN1.pdf

  • Tourki, D., Lee, E. O. J., Baril, A., Hébert, W., & Sansfaçon, A. P. (2018). Au-delà des apparences: analyse intersectionnelle de vécus de jeunes trans migrants et racisés au Québec. Revue Jeunes et Société, 3(1), 133–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yee, J. Y., Marshall, Z., & Vo, T. (2014). Challenging neo-colonialism and essentialism. Incorporating hybridity into new conceptualizations of settlement service delivery with lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer immigrant young people. Critical Social Work, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.22329/csw.v15i1.5910

  • Zea, M. C., Reisen, C. A., Bianchi, F. T., Gonzales, F. A., Betancourt, F., Aguilar, M., & Poppen, P. J. (2013). Armed conflict, homonegativity and forced internal displacement: Implications for HIV among Colombian gay, bisexual and transgender individuals. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 15(7), 788–803. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2013.779028

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Social Work, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Edward Ou Jin Lee, Ahmed Hamila, Renata Militzer, Sébastien Chehaitly & Annie Pullen Sansfaçon

  2. Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Sophia Koukoui & Catherine Baillargeon

  3. University of Québec at Chicoutimi, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Yann Zoldan

Authors
  1. Edward Ou Jin Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmed Hamila
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sophia Koukoui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yann Zoldan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Renata Militzer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sébastien Chehaitly
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Catherine Baillargeon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Annie Pullen Sansfaçon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Edward Ou Jin Lee .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. MSW Program, Pacific University Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA

    Nancy J. Murakami

  2. School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Mashura Akilova

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Lee, E.O.J. et al. (2023). Migration of LGBTQI+ People: Sexual and/or Gender Minority Migrants, Refugees, and Asylum-Seekers. In: Murakami, N.J., Akilova, M. (eds) Integrative Social Work Practice with Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Other Forcibly Displaced Persons. Essential Clinical Social Work Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12600-0_17

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation