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Mast Cells

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Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders

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Abstract

Human mast cells (MCs) are classified into two phenotypes as to whether they contain detectable levels of chymase in their granules. MCs having chymase at high levels (MCTC) can respond to substance P and C5a, whereas MCs lacking detectable chymase (MCT) can respond to platelet-activating factors. While these MC phenotypes can be maintained over weeks when cultured in the standard culture condition supplemented with SCF and IL-6, MCTC lose chymase when they are cultured in the presence of culture supernatant obtained from IL-13-stimulated airway epithelial cells. MCs trigger not only the immediate-type allergic reaction in an IgE-mediated manner but also the late-phase allergic response and chronic allergic inflammation. However, it is necessary to consider the relative role of MCs in allergic or innate-type inflammation by understanding cytokines/chemokines produced by other immune cell types and epithelial-mesenchymal tissues. The expression of these cytokines is almost completely blocked when glucocorticoid and FK506 are added simultaneously into the reaction buffer for MC activation. It would be difficult to surpass this effect even if we could develop a new anti-MC drug.

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Abbreviations

CPA3:

Carboxypeptidase A3

cys-LT:

Cysteinyl leukotriene

FcεRI:

High-affinity receptor for IgE

GC:

Glucocorticoid

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

IL:

Interleukin

MCs:

Mast cells

MCT:

T-type mast cells

MCTC:

TC-type mast cells

MIP:

Macrophage inflammatory protein

NFAT:

Nuclear factor-activated T

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-κB

PAF:

Platelet-activating factor

PGD2:

Prostaglandin D2

SCF:

Stem cell factor

TLR :

Toll-like receptor

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor

TSLP:

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan

    Hirohisa Saito

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  1. Hirohisa Saito
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Correspondence to Hirohisa Saito .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otoloaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Özlem Önerci Celebi

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    T. Metin Önerci

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Saito, H. (2023). Mast Cells. In: Celebi, Ö.Ö., Önerci, T.M. (eds) Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12386-3_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12386-3_6

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-12385-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-12386-3

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