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Functional Defense Mechanisms of the Nasal Respiratory Epithelium

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Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders

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Abstract

The sinonasal mucosa is exposed to large quantities of particulates, antigens, and potential pathogens. To address these possible threats, the human sinonasal epithelium has developed a range of protective functions that effectively clear foreign material with minimal collateral tissue damage. This barrier to the outside world is both physical and immunological in nature. The physical barrier consists of respiratory mucus and mucociliary flow as well as the intact epithelial cell layer. When these structural or clearance mechanisms fail, the epithelium plays an important role in activating a subsequent immune response. The immunologic barrier encompasses the recognition of foreign material via pattern-recognition receptors, which then facilitate the innate and adaptive responses. In chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the barrier is breached and a self-perpetuating chronic inflammatory reaction develops. The type of inflammation that results is the basis of the current endotype classification of CRS. Understanding these defense mechanisms provides insight into the pathophysiology of inflammatory disorders such as chronic rhinosinusitis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA

    Robert C. Kern

  2. Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Jennifer R. Decker

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  1. Robert C. Kern
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Correspondence to Robert C. Kern .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otoloaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Özlem Önerci Celebi

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    T. Metin Önerci

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Kern, R.C., Decker, J.R. (2023). Functional Defense Mechanisms of the Nasal Respiratory Epithelium. In: Celebi, Ö.Ö., Önerci, T.M. (eds) Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12386-3_4

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