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Mucus, Goblet Cell, Submucosal Gland

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Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders

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Abstract

Airway mucus plays an important role in the host defense system as a physicochemical barrier by trapping foreign and endogenous substances, facilitating clearance by mucociliary activity. Mucus also has antioxidant, antiprotease, and antimicrobial functions. The major components of mucus are glycoproteins called mucins, which are secreted by epithelial goblet cells and submucosal gland cells. Hypersecretion of mucus is a common characteristic of sinonasal inflammation in association with hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells and gland cells. Pathological mucus hypersecretion impairs mucociliary function and becomes part of the pathogenic process, causing symptoms such as rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction. Appropriate therapy to inhibit mucus hypersecretion restores mucociliary clearance and improves symptoms.

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Abbreviations

AP-1:

Activated protein-1

AR:

Allergic rhinitis

AZM:

Azithromycin

CAM:

Clarithromycin

CF:

Cystic fibrosis

CREB:

cAMP response element-binding protein

CRS:

Chronic rhinosinusitis

cysLTs:

Cysteinyl leukotrienes

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EM:

Erythromycin

Foxa2:

Forkhead box a2

IL:

Interleukin

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor κ-B

RA:

Retinoic acid

STAT6:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6

TGF :

Transforming growth factor

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

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  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan

    Takeshi Shimizu

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  1. Department of Otoloaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Özlem Önerci Celebi

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    T. Metin Önerci

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Shimizu, T. (2023). Mucus, Goblet Cell, Submucosal Gland. In: Celebi, Ö.Ö., Önerci, T.M. (eds) Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12386-3_1

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