Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Child Abuse, Non-Accidental Trauma, and Inflicted Injuries

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Forensic Aspects of Paediatric Fractures

  • 364 Accesses

Abstract

Child abuse, irrespective of the type of child abuse, probably is the most prevalent risk factor for the development of children. Physical abuse is the type of abuse with the highest risk of infliction of injuries. The most injured organ due to physical abuse is the skin, with bruises being the most prevalent cutaneous injury. Other cutaneous injuries such as abrasions, lacerations, burns and scalds can also be seen. Fractures are also regularly found in child abuse. Other injuries, often with serious and lifethreatening consequences are intracranial injuries, and abdominal and thoracic injuries. In this chapter child abuse, trauma and injuries will be defined. Also the cause and manner of injuries will be defined and discussed and some epidemiological data will be given.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. World Health Organization (WHO), International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) (2006) Preventing child maltreatment: a guide to taking action and generating evidence. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hobbs CJ, Hanks HGI, Wynne JM (1999) Physical abuse. In: Hobbs CJ, Hanks HGI, Wynne JM (eds) Child abuse and neglect – a clinician’s handbook. Churchill Livingstone, London, pp 63–104

    Google Scholar 

  3. World Health Organization (2006) Violence and Injury Prevention Team & Global Forum for Health Research - Unintentional child injuries in the WHO European Region. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  4. Baartman HEM, Hoefnagels C (2012) Emotionele mishandeling; een lastig te duiden begrip [Emotional abuse, a difficult to define concept]. Tijdschrift Kindermishandeling 2012:5

    Google Scholar 

  5. Van Wert M, Fallon B, Trocmé N, Collin-Vézina D (2018) Educational neglect: understanding 20 years of child welfare trends. Child Abuse Negl 75:50–60

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Follingstad D, DeHart D (2000) Defining psychological abuse of husbands toward wives: contexts, behaviors, and typologies. J Interpers Viol 15:891–920

    Google Scholar 

  7. Doherty D, Berglund D (2008) Psychological abuse: a discussion paper. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/stop-family-violence/prevention-resource-centre/family-violence/psychological-abuse-discussion-paper.html. Accessed 5 Aug 2021

  8. World Health Organization. Violence and Injury Prevention Team & Global Forum for Health Research (1999) Report of the Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention; Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  9. Davis P, Murtagh U, Glaser D (2019) 40 years of fabricated or induced illness (FII): where next for paediatricians? Paper 1: epidemiology and definition of FII. Arch Dis Child 104:110–114

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) (2012) Fabricated or induced illness by carers (FII): a practical guide for paediatricians. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, London

    Google Scholar 

  11. Meadow R (1977) Munchausen syndrome by proxy. The hinterland of child abuse. Lancet 2:343–345

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bass C, Glaser D (2014) Early recognition and management of fabricated or induced illness in children. Lancet 383:1412–1421

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. London Child Protection Procedures (2017) Fabricated or induced illness. https://www.londoncp.co.uk/fab_ind_ill.html. Accessed 5 Aug 2021

  14. Roesler TA, Jenny C (2008) Medical child abuse – beyond Munchausen syndrome by proxy. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/medical-child-abuse-munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy/print. Accessed 5 Aug 2021

  15. Glaser D, Davis P (2019) For debate: Forty years of fabricated or induced illness (FII): where next for paediatricians? Paper 2: Management of perplexing presentations including FII. Arch Dis Child 104:7–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Laming H (2003) The Victoria Climbié inquiry. Report of an inquiry. Presented to parliament by the secretary of state for health and the secretary of state for the home department by command of Her Majesty. http://www.victoria-climbie-inquiry.org.uk/

  17. Alink L, Prevoo M, van Berkel S, Linting M, Klein Velderman M, Pannebakker F (2018) Nationale Prevalentiestudie Mishandeling van kinderen en jeugdigen (NPM-2017) [Prevalence study on Maltreatment of children and youth]. Leiden University, Institute of Education and Child Studies TNO Child Health, The Hague

    Google Scholar 

  18. Schellingerhout R, Ramakers C (2017) Scholierenonderzoek Kindermishandeling 2016 [2016 Pupils on abuse]. Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (WODC), Ministerie van Veiligheid en Justitie. The Hague

    Google Scholar 

  19. Vermeulen S, van Berkel S, Alink L (2021) Kindermishandeling tijdens de eerste lockdown [Child abuse during the first lockdown]. Instituut Pedagogische Wetenschappen, Leiden

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hillis S, Mercy J, Amobi A, Kress H (2016) Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: a systematic review and minimum estimates. Pediatrics 137:e20154079

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kim H, Drake B (2019) Cumulative prevalence of onset and recurrence of child maltreatment reports. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 58:1175–1183

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS (1998) Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Prev Med 14:245–258

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. World Health Organization (WHO) (2002) World Report on Violence and Health – Child abuse and neglect by parents and other caregivers. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  24. Health Canada (2003) Injury surveillance in Canada: current realities, challenges. http://www.injuryresearch.bc.ca/docs/3_20090910_100541Report%20HC%20Inj%20Surveillance%20in%20Can%20Aug%202003.pdf. Accessed 5 Aug 2021

  25. Bilo RAC, Oranje AP, Shwayder T, Hobbs CJ (2013) Evaluating suspicions skin findings in children. In: Bilo RAC, Oranje AP, Shwayder T, Hobbs CJ (eds) Cutaneous manifestations of child abuse and their differential diagnosis – blunt force trauma. Springer, Berlin, pp 25–61

    Google Scholar 

  26. DiMaio VJM, DiMaio D (2001) Blunt trauma wounds. In: DiMaio VJM (ed) Forensic pathology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 91–116

    Google Scholar 

  27. Arieff AI, Kronlund BA (1999) Fatal child abuse by forced water intoxication. Pediatrics 103:1292–1295

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. el Awad ME (1994) Overheating in neonates in Saudi Arabia. East Afr Med J 71:805–806

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Martos Sánchez I, Ros Pérez P, Otheo de Tejada E, Vázquez Martínez JL, Pérez-Caballero C, Fernández Pineda L (2000) Hipernatremia grave por administración accidental de sal común [Fatal hypernatremia due to accidental administration of table salt]. An Pediatr 53:495–498

    Google Scholar 

  30. Meyer-Heim A, Landau K, Boltshauser E (2002) Aknetherapie mit Folgen–Pseudotumor cerebri durch Hypervitaminose A [Treatment of acne with consequences – pseudotumor cerebri due to hypervitaminosis A]. Praxis 91:23–26

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Quereshi UA, Bhat JI, Ali SW, Mir AA, Kambay AH, Bhat IN (2010) Acute salt poisoning due to different oral rehydration solution (ORS) packet sizes. Indian J Pediatr 77:679–680

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Zhu BL, Ishida K, Fujita MQ, Maeda H (1998) Infant death presumably due to exertional self-overheating in bed: an autopsy case of suspected child abuse. Jpn J Leg Med 52:153–156

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ommaya AK, Gennarelli TA (1974) Cerebral concussion and traumatic unconsciousness. Correlation of experimental and clinical observations of blunt head injuries. Brain 97:633–654

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Hymel KP, Bandak FA, Partington MD, Winston K (1998) Abusive head trauma? A biomechanics-based approach. Child Maltreat 3:116–128

    Google Scholar 

  35. Burton D (2007) Static v. dynamic loading: why the WTC towers fell so fast. http://www.burtonsys.com/staticvdyn/. Accessed 5 Aug 2021

  36. Duhaime AC, Eppley M, Margulies S, Heher KL, Bartlett SP (1995) Crush injuries to the head in children. Neurosurgery 37:401–406. discussion 407

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Prasad MR, Ewing-Cobbs L, Baumgartner J (1999) Crush head injuries in infants and young children neurologic and neuropsychologic sequelae. J Child Neurol 14:496–501

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2007) Injury center. http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars/nonfatal/definitions.htm. Accessed 16 Sep 2021

  39. Nordic Medico-Statistical Committee (2007) Classification of external causes of injuries. NOMESCO, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  40. WHO Regional Office for Europe (2013) In: Sethi D, Bellis M, Hughes K, Gilbert R, Mitis G, Galea G (eds) European report on preventing child maltreatment. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/217018/European-Report-on-Preventing-Child-Maltreatment.pdf Accessed 16 sept 2021

  41. Hobbs CJ, Hanks HGI, Wynne JM (1993) Child abuse and neglect – a clinician’s handbook. Churchill Livingstone, London

    Google Scholar 

  42. Maguire S, Mann MK, Sibert J, Kemp A (2005) Can you age bruises accurately in children? A systematic review. Arch Dis Child 90:187–189

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Maguire S, Mann MK, Sibert J, Kemp A (2005) Are there patterns of bruising in childhood which are diagnostic or suggestive of abuse? A systematic review. Arch Dis Child 90:182–186

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Hammond H (2009) Clinical assessment in suspected child abuse cases. In: Busutil A, Keeling JW (eds) Paediatric forensic medicine & pathology. Hodder Arnold, London, pp 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  45. Bilo RAC, Oranje AP, Shwayder T, Hobbs CJ (2013) Cutaneous manifestations of child abuse and their differential diagnosis – blunt force trauma. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  46. Labbé J, Caouette G (2001) Recent skin injuries in normal children. Pediatrics 108:271–276

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Langlois NE, Gresham GA (1991) The ageing of bruises: a review and study of the colour changes with time. Forensic Sci Int 50:227–238

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Kemp AM, Maguire SA, Nuttall D, Collins P, Dunstan F (2014) Bruising in children who are assessed for suspected physical abuse. Arch Dis Child 99:108–113

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Pierce MC, Kaczor K, Aldridge S, O’Flynn J, Lorenz DJ (2010) Bruising characteristics discriminating physical child abuse from accidental trauma. Pediatrics 125:67–74

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Pierce MC, Kaczor K, Lorenz DJ, Bertocci G, Fingarson AK, Makoroff K, Berger RP, Bennett B, Magana J, Staley S, Ramaiah V, Fortin K, Currie M, Herman BE, Herr S, Hymel KP, Jenny C, Sheehan K, Zuckerbraun N, Hickey S, Meyers G, Leventhal JM (2021) Validation of a clinical decision rule to predict abuse in young children based on bruising characteristics. JAMA Netw Open 4:e215832

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Warrington SA, Wright CM (2001) Accidents and resulting injuries in premobile infants: data from the ALSPAC study. Arch Dis Child 85:104–107

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Wilson EF (1977) Estimation of the age of cutaneous contusions in child abuse. Pediatrics 60:750–752

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. McGrath A, Barrett MJ (2019) Petechiae. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482331/. Accessed 5 Aug 2021

  54. Strumia R, Felitti F (2013) Skin signs due to self-induced vomiting. In: Strumia R (ed) Eating disorders and the skin. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  55. Cairns AM, Mok JY, Welbury RR (2005) Injuries to the head, face, mouth and neck in physically abused children in a community setting. Int J Paediatr Dent 15:310–318

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Saukko P, Knight B (2004) The pathology of wounds. In: Saukko P, Knight B (eds) Knight’s forensic pathology. Arnold, London, pp 136–173

    Google Scholar 

  57. Bilo RAC, Oranje AP, Shwayder T, Hobbs CJ (2013) Blunt penetrating injuries. In: Bilo RAC, Oranje AP, Shwayder T, Hobbs CJ (eds) Cutaneous manifestations of child abuse and their differential diagnosis – blunt force trauma. Springer, Cham, pp 215–216

    Google Scholar 

  58. Coniglio MA, Bonaccorso A, Scillieri R, Giammanco G, Pignato S (2005) Incidenti domestici nell’infanzia. Risultati di un'indagine condotta nell'area etnea [Domestic injuries in childhood. Results of a survey carried out in a Sicilian area]. Ann Ig 17:261–267

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Makkat S, Vandevenne JE, Parizel PM, De Schepper AM (2001) Multiple growing fractures and cerebral venous anomaly after penetrating injuries: delayed diagnosis in a battered child. Pediatr Radiol 31:381–383

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Thomas M, Cameron A (1977) Rarity of non-accidental penetrating injury in child abuse. Br Med J 1:375–376

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Navarro B, Urban R (2004) “Overkill” im Rahmen einer Neugeborenen-Tötung [“Overkill” in a case of neonaticide]. Arch Kriminol 213:129–137

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Rougé-Maillart C, Jousset N, Gaudin A, Bouju B, Penneau M (2005) Women who kill their children. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 26:320–326

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Tournel G, Desurmont M, Bécart A, Hédouin V, Gosset D (2006) Child barbarity and torture: a case report. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 27:263–265

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Koblenzer C (1987) Psychocutaneous disease. Grune & Stratton, Orlando, USA

    Google Scholar 

  65. Louman S, Fredriks AM, van Bellegem ACM, Teeuw AH (2018) Zelfbeschadiging bij kinderen en adolescenten [Self-harm among children and adolescents]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 162:D2609

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Berryman HE (2019) A systematic approach to the interpretation of gunshot wound trauma to the cranium. Forensic Sci Int 301:306–317

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. DiMaio VJM (1998) Gunshot wounds: practical aspects of firearms, ballistics, and forensic techniques. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  68. Bayouth L, Lukens-Bull K, Gurien L, Tepas JJ 3rd, Crandall M (2019) Twenty years of pediatric gunshot wounds in our community: have we made a difference? J Pediatr Surg 54:160–164

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Cook A, Hosmer D, Glance L, Kalesan B, Weinberg J, Rogers A, Schultz CS, Gilligan CT, Gross B, Vernon T, Ward J, Osler T, Rogers F (2019) Population-based analysis of firearm injuries among young children in the United States, 2010–2015. Am Surg 85:449–455

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Fowler KA, Dahlberg LL, Haileyesus T, Gutierrez C, Bacon S (2017) Childhood firearm injuries in the United States. Pediatrics 140:e20163486

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Resnick S, Smith RN, Beard JH, Holena D, Reilly PM, Schwab CW, Seamon MJ (2017) Firearm deaths in America: can we learn from 462,000 lives lost? Ann Surg 266:432–440

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Tseng J, Nuño M, Lewis AV, Srour M, Margulies DR, Alban RF (2018) Firearm legislation, gun violence, and mortality in children and young adults: a retrospective cohort study of 27,566 children in the USA. Int J Surg 57:30–34

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Li G, Baker SP, DiScala C, Fowler C, Ling J, Kelen GD (1996) Factors associated with the intent of firearm-related injuries in pediatric trauma patients. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 150:1160–1165

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Panke TW, McLeod CG (1985) Pathology of thermal injury – a practical approach. Grune & Stratton, Orlando

    Google Scholar 

  75. Pounder DJ (2000) Burns and scalds. In: Siegel J, Knupfer G, Saukko P (eds) Encyclopedia of forensic sciences. Elsevier Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  76. Richardson AC (1994) Cutaneous manifestations of abuse. In: Reece RM (ed) Child abuse. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 167–184

    Google Scholar 

  77. Loder RT, Feinberg JR (2007) Orthopaedic injuries in children with nonaccidental trauma: demographics and incidence from the 2000 kids’ inpatient database. J Pediatr Orthop 27:421–426

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Sinha CK, Lander A (2013) Trauma in children: abdomen and thorax. Surgery (Oxford) 31:123–129

    Google Scholar 

  79. Overly FL, Wills H, Valente JH (2014) ‘Not just little adults’ – a pediatric trauma primer. R I Med J (2013) 97:27–30

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Yu YR, DeMello AS, Greeley CS, Cox CS, Naik-Mathuria BJ, Wesson DE (2018) Injury patterns of child abuse: experience of two Level 1 pediatric trauma centers. J Pediatr Surg 53:1028–1032

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Cooper A, Floyd T, Barlow B, Niemirska M, Ludwig S, Seidl T, O'Neill J, Templeton J, Ziegler M, Ross A (1988) Major blunt abdominal trauma due to child abuse. J Trauma 28:1483–1487

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Milroy CM (2014) Blunt abdominal and thoracic injuries in children. In: Collins KA, Byard RW (eds) Forensic pathology of infancy and childhood. Springer, Berlin, pp 291–325

    Google Scholar 

  83. Rosenfeld EH, Johnson B, Wesson DE, Shah SR, Vogel AM, Naik-Mathuria B (2020) Understanding non-accidental trauma in the United States: a national trauma databank study. J Pediatr Surg 55:693–697

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Shenoi RP, Camp EA, Rubalcava DM, Cruz AT (2017) Characteristics and outcomes of acute pediatric blunt torso trauma based on injury intent. Am J Emerg Med 35:1791–1797

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Sharma MS (2016) Pediatric thoracic trauma. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/905863-overview#showall. Accessed 5 Aug 2021

  86. Reynolds SL (2018) Pediatric thoracic trauma: recognition and management. Emerg Med Clin North Am 36:473–483

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Maguire SA, Upadhyaya M, Evans A, Mann MK, Haroon MM, Tempest V, Lumb RC, Kemp AM (2013) A systematic review of abusive visceral injuries in childhood–their range and recognition. Child Abuse Negl 37:430–445

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Merten DF, Carpenter BL (1990) Radiologic imaging of inflicted injury in the child abuse syndrome. Pediatr Clin N Am 37:815–837

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Clark RE, Clark JF (1989) The encyclopedia of child abuse. New York, Fact on File Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Cooper A (1992) Thoracoabdominal trauma. In: Ludwig S, Kornberg AE (eds) Child abuse – a medical reference. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 131–150

    Google Scholar 

  91. Huntimer CM, Muret-Wagstaff S, Leland NL (2000) Can falls on stairs result in small intestine perforations? Pediatrics 106:301–305

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Grosfeld JL, Rescorla FJ, West KW, Vane DW (1989) Gastrointestinal injuries in childhood: analysis of 53 patients. J Pediatr Surg 24:580–583

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Hamilton A, Humphreys WG (1985) Duodenal rupture complicating childhood non-accidental injury. Ulster Med J 54:221–223

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Ford EG, Senac MO Jr (1993) Clinical presentation and radiographic identification of small bowel rupture following blunt trauma in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 9:139–142

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Cobb LM, Vinocur CD, Wagner CW, Weintraub WH (1986) Intestinal perforation due to blunt trauma in children in an era of increased nonoperative treatment. J Trauma 26:461–463

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Ledbetter DJ, Hatch EI Jr, Feldman KW, Fligner CL, Tapper D (1988) Diagnostic and surgical implications of child abuse. Arch Surg 123:1101–1105

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Lane WG, Dubowitz H, Langenberg P, Dischinger P (2012) Epidemiology of abusive abdominal trauma hospitalizations in United States children. Child Abuse Negl 36:142–148

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  98. Trokel M, Discala C, Terrin NC, Sege RD (2006) Patient and injury characteristics in abusive abdominal injuries. Pediatr Emerg Care 22:700–704

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Gilbert-Barnes E (1991) Potter’s pathology of the fetus and infant. Mosby

    Google Scholar 

  100. Carter KW, Moulton SL (2016) Pediatric abdominal injury patterns caused by “falls”: a comparison between nonaccidental and accidental trauma. J Pediatr Surg 51:326–328

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Caniano DA, Beaver BL, Boles ET Jr (1986) Child abuse. An update on surgical management in 256 cases. Ann Surg 203:219–224

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  102. Sivit CJ, Taylor GA, Eichelberger MR (1989) Visceral injury in battered children: a changing perspective. Radiology 173:659–661

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Rothrock SG, Green SM, Morgan R (2000) Abdominal trauma in infants and children: prompt identification and early management of serious and life-threatening injuries. Part I: injury patterns and initial assessment. Pediatr Emerg Care 16:106–115

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Roaten JB, Partrick DA, Bensard DD, Hendrickson RJ, Vertrees T, Sirotnak AP, Karrer FM (2005) Visceral injuries in nonaccidental trauma: spectrum of injury and outcomes. Am J Surg 190:827–829

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Sheybani EF, Gonzalez-Araiza G, Kousari YM, Hulett RL, Menias CO (2014) Pediatric nonaccidental abdominal trauma: what the radiologist should know. Radiographics 34:139–153

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Minns RA, Brown JK (ed) (2015). Shaking and other non-accidental head injuries in children. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 162. Cambridge University Press, p. 17

    Google Scholar 

  107. David TJ (2008) Non-accidental head injury – the evidence. Pediatr Radiol 38:370–377

    Google Scholar 

  108. Kocher MS, Kasser JR (2000) Orthopaedic aspects of child abuse. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 8:10–20

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Loder RT, Bookout C (1991) Fracture patterns in battered children. J Orthop Trauma 5:428–433

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. McClain PW, Sacks JJ, Froehlke RG, Ewigman BG (1993) Estimates of fatal child abuse and neglect, United States, 1979 through 1988. Pediatrics 91:338–343

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Lindberg DM, Shapiro RA, Laskey AL, Pallin DJ, Blood EA, Berger RP (2012) Prevalence of abusive injuries in siblings and household contacts of physically abused children. Pediatrics 130:193–201

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Baartman HEM (1993) Opvoeden met alle geweld: Hardnekkige gewoonten en hardhandige opvoeders [Raising children with violence – stubborn habits and tough nurtures]. SWP uitgeverij

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Veilig Thuis Rotterdam Rijnmond (Center for the Reporting of Child Abuse, Domestic Violence and Elder Abuse), Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Rob A. C. Bilo

  2. Forensic Physician, Voorhout, The Netherlands

    Marloes E. M. Vester

  3. Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Arjo A. J. Loeve

  4. Department of Paediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Rian A. H. Teeuw

Authors
  1. Rob A. C. Bilo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marloes E. M. Vester
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Arjo A. J. Loeve
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rian A. H. Teeuw
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Veilig Thuis Rotterdam Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Rob A.C. Bilo

  2. Paediatric Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Simon G. F. Robben

  3. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Rick R. van Rijn

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bilo, R.A.C., Vester, M.E.M., Loeve, A.A.J., Teeuw, R.A.H. (2023). Child Abuse, Non-Accidental Trauma, and Inflicted Injuries. In: Bilo, R.A., Robben, S.G.F., van Rijn, R.R. (eds) Forensic Aspects of Paediatric Fractures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12041-1_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12041-1_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-12040-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-12041-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation