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Postinfectious and Infectious Glomerulopathies

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Pediatric Kidney Disease

Abstract

There is a wide spectrum of infectious agents which may produce acute glomerular injury. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is still the most common cause of postinfectious glomerulonephritis in less well-resourced countries. The disease is a consequence of previous throat or skin infection with nephritogenic strains of group A beta hemolytic streptococci and rarely with group C and G.Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B and plasmin binding membrane receptor are potential nephritogenic antigens. The disease has a favorable outcome, particularly in children if it is recognized early and appropriate conservative treatment commenced. Kidney biopsy is rarely indicated, and is limited to patients with atypical presentation, rapidly progressive clinical course and delayed recovery. Long-term prognosis is excellent in children. Glomerulonephritis due to infected ventriculoatrial shunt or bacterial endocarditis is rarely seen in children currently. With implementation of the prevention of maternal to child transmission of HIV and introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the mortality rate in children with perinatal HIV infection has significantly decreased and HIV related kidney disease in children is now rarely seen. Similarly, introduction of childhood vaccination of Hepatitis B has resulted in the near resolution of Hepatitis B nephropathy in children.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Children’s Hospital, Medical School, Skopje, North Macedonia

    Velibor Tasic

  2. Paediatric Intensive Care/Nephrology, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

    Mignon McCulloch

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  1. Velibor Tasic
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  1. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

    Franz Schaefer

  2. Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Larry A. Greenbaum

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Tasic, V., McCulloch, M. (2023). Postinfectious and Infectious Glomerulopathies. In: Schaefer, F., Greenbaum, L.A. (eds) Pediatric Kidney Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11665-0_19

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