Abstract
Indications for open radical nephrectomy include locally advanced kidney tumors with invasion of the perirenal fat and adrenal gland (T3a), tumors with invasion of the renal vein or vena cava (T3b and c), tumors that extend to adjacent organs (T4), and tumors that will likely undergo a wide lymph node dissection. This chapter explores surgical technique and different approaches in open radical nephrectomy.
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Campi, R. et al. (2022). Open Radical Nephrectomy. In: Goonewardene, S.S., Persad, R., Albala, D. (eds) Robotic Surgery for Renal Cancer. Management of Urology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11000-9_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11000-9_18
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