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Drowsiness Detection Using Multivariate Statistical Process Control

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Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2022 Workshops (ICCSA 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 13377))

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Abstract

Drowsiness at the wheel has been studied for different countries since it is important for road safety and its prevention. Since it is considered a public health problem, solutions must be found to avoid worse scenarios and to identify a low-cost system.

Therefore, this work aims to detect the drowsy state, without labeling it manually, considering the heart rate variability. To make this possible, driving simulations were performed, using a wearable device. In terms of methodology, multivariate statistical process control, considering principal component analysis, was implemented, and compared with a similar study. Three principal components were computed taking into consideration time, frequency, and non-linear domain, every two minutes. Thereafter, Hotelling \(T^2\) and squared prediction error statistics were estimated. These statistics were estimated considering each principal component, individually. Thereby, the results achieved seemed to be promising to identify drowsiness peaks. However, the study developed has limitations, like the identification of points out-of-control occurred due to signal noise and it does not identify all the drowsiness peaks. Conversely, it was not used information from the participants’ awake states as a reference. Therewith, new simulations must be done, and new information must be added to avoid noise and to detect more drowsiness peaks.

This paper was funded by the project “NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-0039720”, supported by Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Norte2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)”.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Available in: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzjWIxXBs_s. Acceded between July 5 and August 3, 2021.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 2Ai, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, 4750-810, Barcelos, Portugal

    Ana Rita Antunes & Joaquim Gonçalves

  2. ALGORITMI Center, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    Ana Rita Antunes & Ana Cristina Braga

Authors
  1. Ana Rita Antunes
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  2. Ana Cristina Braga
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  3. Joaquim Gonçalves
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ana Rita Antunes .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Osvaldo Gervasi

  2. University of Basilicata, Potenza, Potenza, Italy

    Beniamino Murgante

  3. Østfold University College, Halden, Norway

    Sanjay Misra

  4. University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

    Ana Maria A. C. Rocha

  5. University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Chiara Garau

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Antunes, A.R., Braga, A.C., Gonçalves, J. (2022). Drowsiness Detection Using Multivariate Statistical Process Control. In: Gervasi, O., Murgante, B., Misra, S., Rocha, A.M.A.C., Garau, C. (eds) Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2022 Workshops. ICCSA 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13377. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10536-4_38

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10536-4_38

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