Abstract
Portal hypertension and related complications signify a very advanced stage of cirrhosis. Up to 10% of the patients per year with cirrhosis develop oesophageal varices. 50% of the patients with cirrhosis will have oesophageal varices after 10 years, with 5–15% annual risk of bleeding. Risk can be individualized based on size of varices and presence of high-risk stigmata. In the past decade there has been great deal of advancement in the diagnosis and management of varices development and related bleeding. Still the morbidity and mortality related to variceal bleeding remains high. In this chapter we will review the available evidence to understand the role of portal hypertension and its role in development of oesophageal and gastric varices. The chapter will further review the current up-to-date evidence in the management of acute variceal bleeding and primary and secondary prophylaxis for prevention of index and recurrent variceal bleeding.
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Khanna, A., Goel, A., Tripathi, D. (2022). Portal Hypertension: Varices. In: Cross, T. (eds) Liver Disease in Clinical Practice. In Clinical Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10012-3_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10012-3_5
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