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Neurolaryngology

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Textbook of Surgery of Larynx and Trachea

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Abstract

In the last years, neurolaryngology has developed rapidly in response to the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal disorders. Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) is the important diagnostic and prognostic tool in neurolaryngology. LEMG should be performed following a standardized protocol. LEMG helps to differentiate abnormal function of the vocal folds from functional disorders. It is mainly used for the diagnosis of vocal fold paralysis (VFP) and less frequently for the diagnosis of myopathies and motor neuron disorders. The most relevant neurological diseases and the role of LEMG are presented. For many years, LEMG focused on the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA). Now more and more studies are performed including other laryngeal muscles, most importantly the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) and cricothyroid muscle (CT). Diagnostics and estimating the prognosis of patients with VFP is the most important issue for LEMG. LEMG seems to be the best prognostic factor for recovery or persistent palsy. In addition to the diagnostic aspects, new neurolaryngological examination techniques improve therapy management in botulinum toxin applications, injection laryngoplasty and reinnervation techniques and a guidance to select suitable candidates for the future therapy option of the laryngeal pacemaker.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany

    Orlando Guntinas-Lichius

  2. Klinik für HNO-Heilkunde/Plastische Operationen, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Gera, Germany

    Andreas H. Müller

  3. Department of Otolaryngology, Klinikum der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart gKAöR, Stuttgart, Germany

    Christian Sittel

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  1. Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
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  2. Andreas H. Müller
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  3. Christian Sittel
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Correspondence to Orlando Guntinas-Lichius .

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  1. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg

    Marc Remacle

  2. Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, A.ö. Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt, HNO, Klagenfurt, Austria

    Hans Edmund Eckel

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Guntinas-Lichius, O., Müller, A.H., Sittel, C. (2022). Neurolaryngology. In: Remacle, M., Eckel, H.E. (eds) Textbook of Surgery of Larynx and Trachea. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09621-1_19

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