Abstract
Our world relies heavily on our infrastructure. Reinforced concrete (RC) is the most widely used material, and any efficiencies developed in RC structures will have a substantial cost and environmental benefits. However, when infrastructure deteriorates, and if a deficiency is observed, a structural intervention can be carried out. However, if a deficiency is not detected, it can result in a catastrophic failure causing significant loss of life and property damage. Current active strengthening techniques have inherent challenges, such as requiring heavy jacking equipment to prestress the material or removal of original material to provide proper anchorage for prestressing. These challenges are addressed by a novel strengthening material, iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA). Fe-SMA is an emerging material capable of changing shape on demand by recovering large deformations when heated and then cooled. When prestrained Fe-SMA is prevented from recovering the strains, recovery stress develops, which prestresses the structure to which it is attached without the need for heavy jacking equipment or removal of original material to provide suitable anchorage. The material offers also a very strong advantage in terms of circular economy, as the alloy is fully recyclable and can be, upon deconstruction, fully re-introduced into the steel casting cycle. Fe-SMA has great potential to replace conventional strengthening materials but awareness is limited. The motivation of this article is to increase awareness of this novel strengthening technique within the research community and advocate for additional experiments to improve the effectiveness of using Fe-SMA for the flexural strengthening of RC structures. There are over 50 projects in the world demonstrating this technology being implemented in the field. A brief history of the development of Fe-SMA is presented, along with an overview of the mechanism of the shape recovery. An overview of the strengthening process of the latest case studies is presented, along with a discussion on their merit and new ideas for prestress strengthening of RC structures.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Mitacs through the Mitacs Accelerate Program, Alberta Innovates, and National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
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Forrest, B., El-Hacha, R., Michels, J. (2023). Flexural Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Structures Using Iron-Based Shape Memory Alloys: Case Studies. In: Benmokrane, B., Mohamed, K., Farghaly, A., Mohamed, H. (eds) 8th International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 267. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09409-5_16
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