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The Return of History

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Democracy under Pressure

Abstract

This chapter summarises and assesses the contribution of the empirical findings presented in Part II of this book. It offers a review of the overall conditions generating problems for democracy today and describes the methodological approaches taken to evaluate these problems on the global scale and in the regionally bounded cases studies. This chapter then refers to the liberal democracy index and the index of support for democracy as the major indicators of resilience or retreat and offers an outline of case studies findings. The contribution concludes with a comparative assessment of democracies versus autocracies.

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Correspondence to Hans-Dieter Klingemann .

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Klingemann, HD., Berg-Schlosser, D., Hoffmann-Lange, U., van Beek, U. (2022). The Return of History. In: van Beek, U. (eds) Democracy under Pressure. Challenges to Democracy in the 21st Century. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09123-0_15

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