Skip to main content

Infant-Directed Improvised Performances, Protoconversations, and Action Songs During the First Year of Life

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Moving and Interacting in Infancy and Early Childhood

Abstract

The connection between babies and adults is permeated by a communicative musicality that manifests in different ways. Three of these manifestations are relevant to social cognitive development: infant-directed improvised performances, protoconversations, and action songs. They typify the first social and multimodal exchanges that allow adults and babies to share moments of deep intimacy and affection. While protoconversations are extensively studied interaction in developmental psychology and action songs are widely known, infant-directed improvised performances have only recently been identified. The three variants of these exchanges are brought together as a unitary category under the name of emergent organizations of early communicative musicality. The chapter presents a longitudinal case study of a mother–baby dyad between the 2nd and 9th month of the baby, analyzing the structure, frequency, and developmental trajectory of these three emergent organizations. It also describes the various ways in which multimodal stimulation is organized in each of them.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Since the names of these types of reiterated IDI-performances correspond, in some cases, to actual vocal emissions, we have used the first time the relevant double quotetion marks (e.g. “Barambuch”), but from now on they will be systematically italicized (e.g.Barambuch) to match them with other types of emergent organizzations.

  2. 2.

    As with reiterated performances, hereafter we will use italics and the English version, thus indicating that they are types of action songs.

References

  • Bainbridge, C. M., Bertolo, M., Youngers, J., Atwood, S., Yurdum, L., Simson, J., Lopez, K., Feng, X., Martin, A., & Mehr, S. A. (2021). Infants relax in response to unfamiliar foreign lullabies. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(2), 256–264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bateson, M. C. (1971). The interpersonal context of infant vocalization. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, 100, 6–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bateson, M. C. (1975). Mother-infant exchanges: The epigenesis of conversational interaction. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 263(1), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j1749-6632.1975.tb41575.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bateson, M. C. (1979). The epigenesis of conversational interaction: A personal account of research development. En M. Bullowa (Ed.), Before speech. The beginning of interpersonal communication (pp. 63–78). : Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beebe, B. (1982). Micro-timing in mother-infant communication. In M. R. Key (Ed.), Nonverbal-communication today (pp. 169–195). Mouton Publishers.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Beebe, B. (2014). My journey in infant research and psychoanalysis: Microanalysis, a social microscope. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 31(1), 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beebe, B., & Gerstman, L. J. (1980). The “packaging” of maternal stimulation in relation to infant facial-visual engagement: A case study at four months. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development, 26(4), 321–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beebe, B., Jaffe, J., Feldstein, S., Mays, K., & Alson, D. (1985). Interpersonal timing: The application of an adult dialogue model to mother-infant vocal and kinesic interactions. In T. Field & N. Fox (Eds.), Social perception in infants (pp. 217–247). Albex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beebe, S., Lachmann, F. M., Markese, S., Buck, K. A., Bahrick, L. E., Chen, H., Cohen, P., Andrew, H., & Jaffe, J. (2012). On the Origins of Disorganized Attachment and Internal Working Models: Paper II. An Empirical Microanalysis of 4-Month Mother–Infant Interaction. Psychoanalytic Dialogues: The International Journal of Relational Perspectives, 352–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/10481885.2012.67960

  • Bloom, K. (1977). Patterning of infant vocal behavior. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 23(3), 367–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0965(77)90032-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boiteau, C., Kokkinaki, T., Sankey, C., Buil, A., Gratier, M., & Devouche, E. (2021). Father–newborn vocal interaction: A contribution to the theory of innate intersubjectivity. Infant and Child Development, 30(5), e2259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brand, R., & Shallcross, W. (2008). Infants prefer motionese to adult-directed action. Developmental Science, 11(6), 853–861.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brand, R., Baldwin, D., & Ashburn, L. (2002). Evidence for ‘motionese’: Modifications in mothers’ IDI-performance action. Developmental Science, 5(1), 72–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bråten, S. (2009). The intersubjective mirror in infant learning and evolution of speech. John Benjamins Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bullowa, M. (1979). Introduction: Prelingüistic communications: A field for scientific research. En M. Bullowa. Before speech. The beginning of interpersonal communication (pp. 8–16). : Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calmels, D. (2014). El cuerpo cuenta. La presencia del cuerpo en las versificaciones, narrativas y lecturas de crianza. Homo Sapiens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calvo, P., & Gomila, T. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of cognitive science: An embodied approach. Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Condon, W. S., & Sander, L. W. (1974). Synchrony demonstrated between movements of the neonate and adult speech. Child Development, 45(2), 456–462. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127968

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corbeil, M., Trehub, S. E., & Peretz, I. (2013). Speech vs. singing: Infants choose happier sounds. Frontiers in Psychology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00372

  • Corbeil, M., Trehub, S. E., & Peretz, I. (2016). Singing delays the onset of infant distress. Infancy, 21(3), 373–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delack, L. B., & Fowlow, P. J. (1978). The ontogenesis of different vocalizations: Development of prosodic contrastivity during the first year of life. In N. Waterson & C. Snow (Eds.), The development of communication (pp. 93–110). Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demuth, C. (2013). Protoconversation and protosong as infant’s socialization environment. In T. M. S. Tchombe, B. Nsamenang, H. Keller, y M. Fülöp (Eds.), Cross-cultural psychology: An Africentric perspective (pp. 232–256). : Design House Ed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devouche, E., & Gratier, M. (2019). The beginning of parent-infant communication. In G. Apter, E. Devouche, & M. Gratier (Eds.), Early interaction and developmental psychopathology (pp. 21–33). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04769-6_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dissanayake, E. (2000a). Art and intimacy: How the arts began. Washington University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dissanayake, E. (2000b). Antecedents of the temporal arts in early mother-infant interaction. In N. L. Wallin, B. Merker, & S. Brown (Eds.), The origins of music. The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dominguez, S., Devouche, E., Apter, G., & Gratier, M. (2016). The roots of turn-taking in the neonatal period. Infant and Child Development, 25(3), 240–255. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durt, C., Fuchs, T., & Tewes, C. (Eds.). (2017). Embodiment, enaction, and culture: Investigating the constitution of the shared world. MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckerdal, P. & Merker, B. (2009). “Music” and the “action son” in infant development: An interpretation. En S. Malloch & C. Trevarthen (Eds.), Communicative musicality: Exploring the basis of human companionship (pp. 241–258). : Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edward, Tronick Heidelise, Als Lauren, Adamson Susan, Wise T. Berry, Brazelton (1978) The Infant’s Response to Entrapment between Contradictory Messages in Face-to-Face Interaction. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 17(1) 1-13 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)62273-1

    Google Scholar 

  • Español, S. (2004). Cómo hacer cosas sin palabras. Gesto y ficción en la infancia temprana [How to do things without words. Gesture and fiction in early infancy]. Antonio Machado.

    Google Scholar 

  • Español, S., & Shifres, F. (2015). The artistic infant directed performances: A mycroanalysis of the adult’s movements and sounds. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 49(3), 371–397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-015-9308-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Español, S., Bordoni, M., Martínez, M., Camarasa, R., & Carretero, S. (2015). Forms of vitality play and symbolic play during the third year of life. Infant Behavior and Development, 40, 242–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.05.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fernald, A. (1989). Intonation and communicative intent in mothers’ speech to infants: Is the melody the message? Child Development, 60, 1497–5100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fogel, A., & Garvey, A. (2007). Alive communication. Infant Behavior and Development, 30, 251–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.02.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fogel, A., Toda, S., & Kawai, M. (1988). Mother-infant face-to-face interaction in Japan and the United States: A laboratory comparison using 3-month-old infants. Developmental Psychology, 24(3), 398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forster, S., & Iacono, T. (2013). The nature of affect attunement used by disability support workers interacting with adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(12), 1105–1120.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garvey, A., & Fogel, A. (2007). Dialogical change processes, emotions, and the early emergence of self. En H. J. M. Hermans (Ed.). International Journal for Dialogical Science, 2, 51–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginsburg, G. P., & Kilbourne, B. K. (1988). Emergence of vocal alternation in mother-infant interchanges. Journal of Child Language, 15(2), 221–235.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, S. (1977). Social competence in infancy: A model of parent-infant interaction. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development, 163–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gratier, M., & Apter-Danon, G. (2009). The improvised musicality of belonging: Repetition and variations in mother-infant vocal interaction. En S. Malloch, & C. Trevarthen (Eds.), Communicative musicality: Exploring the basis of human companionship, (pp. 281–300). : Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gratier, M., & Trevarthen, C. (2008). Musical narrative and motives for culture in mother-infant vocal interaction. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 15(10), 122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gratier, M., Devouche, E., Guellai, B., Infanti, R., Yilmaz, E., & Parlato-Oliveira, E. (2015). Early development of turn-taking in vocal interaction between mothers and infants. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(1167), 10–3389. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grice, P. (1989). Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, B. & Strauss, A. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory. New York: Aldine Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogate, L. J., Bahrick, L. E., & Watson, J. D. (2000). A study of multimodal motherese: The role of temporal synchrony between verbal labels and gestures. Child development, 71(4), 878–894.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Reif, M., Diego, M., & Field, T. (2007). Preterm infants show reduced stress behaviors and activity after 5 days of massage therapy. Infant Behavior and Development, 30(4), 557–561.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hilbrink, E. E., Gattis, M., & Levinson, S. C. (2015). Early developmental changes in the timing of turn-taking: A longitudinal study of mother–infant interaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1492.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, H. C., & Fogel, A. (2003). Stability and transitions in mother-infant face-to-face communication during the first 6 months: A microhistorical approach. Developmental Psychology, 39(6), 1061.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hubley, P. Trevarthen C. (1979). Sharing a task in infancy. En I. Uzgiris (Ed.), Social interaction during infancy: New directions for child development, vol. 4 (pp. 57–80). : Jossey Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Imberty, M. (2002). La musica e il bambino. In J. J. Nattiez (Ed.), Enciclopedia della Musica (pp. 477–495). Giulio Einaudi Editore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, J., Beebe, B., Feldstein, S., Crown, C. L., Jasnow, M. D., Rochat, P., & Stern, D. N. (2001). Rhythms of dialogue in infancy: Coordinated timing in development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Developmental, i–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. (2007). The meaning of the body. Aesthetics of human understanding. The University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson, C. O., Clinton, D., Fahrman, M., Mazzaglia, G., Novak, S., & Sörhus, K. (2001). How do mothers signal shared feeling-states to their infants? An investigation of affect attunement and imitation during the first year of life. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42(4), 377–381.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaye, K. (1982). The mental and social life of babies: How parents create persons. Methuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiepura, E., Niedźwiecka, A., & Kmita, G. (2022). Silence matters: The role of pauses during dyadic maternal and paternal vocal interactions with preterm and full-term infants. Journal of Child Language, 49(3), 451–468. https://doi.org/10.1017/S030500092100012X

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kokkinaki, T. (2010). Intersubjectivity during free infant-father ‘protoconversation’ and within-‘protoconversation’ pauses. Early Child Development and Care, 180, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/5.2.127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavelli, M., & Fogel, A. (2013). Interdyad differences in early mother–infant face-to-face communication: Real-time dynamics and developmental pathways. Developmental Psychology, 49(12), 2257.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leman, M. (2008). Embodied music cognition and mediation technology. MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeVine, R. A., Dixon, S., LeVine, S., Richman, A., Keefer, C. H., & Brazelton, T. B. (1996). Child care and culture: Lessons from Africa. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyra, M. C., & Valsiner, J. (2011). Historicity in development: Abbreviation in mother-infant communication. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 34(2), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1174/021037011795377638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyra, M. C. D. P. (2007). On abbreviation: Dialogue in early life. International Journal for Dialogical Science, 2(1), 15–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malloch, S., & Trevarthen, C. (Eds.). (2009). Communicative musicality: Exploring the basis of human companionship. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martínez, I. (2014). La base corporeizada del significado musical. In S. Español (Ed.), Psicología de la música y del desarrollo. Una exploración interdisciplinaria sobre la musicalidad humana (pp. 71–110). Paidós.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martínez, I., Español, S., & Pérez, D. I. (2018). The interactive origin and the aesthetic modelling of image-schemas and primary metaphors. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 52, 646–671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-018-9432-z

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehr, S. A., Singh, M., Knox, D., Ketter, D. M., Pickens-Jones, D., Atwood, S., … Glowacki, L. (2019). Universality and diversity in human song. Science, 366(6468), eaax0868.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, L., & Trevarthen, C. (1985). Emotional regulation of interactions. In T. Field & N. Fox (Eds.), Social perception in infants (pp. 177–197). Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, L., & Trevarthen, C. (1986). The infant’s role in mother–infant communications. Journal of Child Language, 13(1), 15–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oller, D. K., Caskey, M., Yoo, H., Bene, E. R., Jhang, Y., Lee, C. C., & Vohr, B. (2019). Preterm and full term infant vocalization and the origin of language. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ospina Tascón, V., & Español, S. (2014). El movimiento y el sí mismo. In S. Español (Ed.), Psicología de la música y del desarrollo. Una exploración interdisciplinaria sobre la musicalidad humana (pp. 111–155). Paidós.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papoušek, H. (1996a). Musicality in infancy research: Biological and cultural origins of early musicality. En I. Deliège, J. A. Sloboda (Eds.), Musical beginnings (pp. 37–55). : Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papoušek, M. (1996b). Intuitive parenting: A hidden source of musical stimulation in infancy. En I. Deliège & J. Sloboda (Eds.). Musical beginnings. Origins and development of musical competence. (pp. 88–112). : Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papoušek, M., & Papoušek, H. (2002). Intuitive parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting. Volumen 2. Biology and ecology of parenting (pp. 183–203). Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, V. (2008). How infants know minds. Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rivière, A., & Sotillo, M. (1999/2003). Comunicación, suspensión y semiosis humana: los orígenes de la práctica y de la comprensión interpersonal En: M. Belinchón, A. Rosa, M. Sotillo e I. Marichalar (comp.). In Ángel Rivière. Obras Escogidas, Vol III (pp. 181–201). Panamericana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rochat, P., Querido, J. G., & Striano, T. (1999). Emerging sensitivity to the timing and structure of protoconversation in early infancy. Developmental Psychology, 35(4), 950. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.4.950

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rowlands, M. (2010). The new science of the mind. From Extended Mind to Embodied Phenomenology. Bradford. MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savage, P. E., Loui, P., Tarr, B., Schachner, A., Glowacki, L., Mithen, S., & Fitch, W. T. (2021). Music as a coevolved system for social bonding. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 20, 44–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schieffelin, B., & Ochs, E. (1995). Language acquisition and socialization: Three developmental stories and their implications. In R. Shweder & Levine (Eds.), Essays on mind, self and emotion (pp. 276–230). Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheets-Johnstone, M. (2011). The primacy of movement (Vol. 82). John Benjamins Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sheets-Johnstone, M. (2015). The corporeal turn: An interdisciplinary reader. Andrews UK Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shifres, F. (2011). La expresión en el canto dirigido al bebé. Psicología del Desarrollo, 1(2), 29–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shifres, F. & Español, S. (2004). Interplay between pretend and music play. 8th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition. European Society for the Cognitive Science of Music (ESCOM), Evanston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snow, C. E., & Ferguson, C. A. (1977). Talking to children: Language input and acquisition. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, D. (1974). Mother and infant at play: The dyadic interaction involving facial, vocal, and gaze behaviors. En M. Lewis, & L.A. Rosenblum (Eds.), The effect of the infant on its caregiver (pp. 402–421). : Wiley-Interscience.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, D. (1985). The interpersonal world of the infant. A view from psychoanalysis and developmental psychology. Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, D. (2010). Forms of vitality. In Exploring dynamic experience in psychology, arts, psychotherapy and development. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, D., Jaffe, J., Beebe, B., & Bennet, S. (1975). Vocalizing in unison and alternation. Transactions: New York Academy of Sciences, 263, 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb41574.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1994). Charpter 17: Grounded theory methodology: An overview. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 273–285). SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soledad Carretero, Pérez Silvia Ana, Español (2016) Multimodal Study of Adult-Infant Interaction: A Review of Its Origins and Its Current Status. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 26(65) 377–385 10.1590/1982-43272665201613

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, D. & Gibbon, J. (1979). Temporal expectancy during mother-infant play. In Thoman, E.. (ed.), Origins of the infant’s social responses (pp. 409-429). New York: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Striano, T., Henning, A., & Stahl, D. (2005). Sensitivity to social contingencies between 1 and 3 months of age. Developmental Science, 8(6), 509–518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trehub, S. E., Unyk, A. M., Kamenetsky, S. B., Hill, D. S., Trainor, L. J., Henderson, J. L., & Saraza, M. (1997). Mothers’ and fathers’ singing to infants. Developmental Psychology, 33(3), 500.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trehub, S. E., Plantinga, J., Brcic, J., & Nowicki, M. (2013). Cross-modal signatures in maternal speech and singing. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(November), 811. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00811

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Trehub, S. E., & Gudmundsdottir, H. R. (2015). Mothers as singing mentors for infants. Online publication. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trehub, S. E., & Cirelli, L. K. (2018). Precursors to the performing arts in infancy and early childhood. Progress in Brain Research, 237, 225–242.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trevarthen, C. (1977). Descriptive analysis of infant communicative behaviour. En H. R. Schaffer (Ed.), Studies in mother-infant interaction: Proceedings of the Loch Lomond symposium (pp. 227–270). : Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trevarthen, C. (1979). Communication and cooperation in early infancy. En M. Bulowa (ed.) Before speech. The beginning of interpersonal communications (pp. 321–347). : Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trevarthen, C. (1998). The concept and foundations of infant intersubjectivity. En S. Braten (Ed.), Intersubjective communication and emotion in early ontogeny. : Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trevarthen, C. (2000). Musicality and the intrinsic motive pulse: Evidence from human psychobiology and infant communication. Musicae Scientiae, 3(1 suppl), 155–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/10298649000030S109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trevarthen, C., & Reddy, V. (2007). Consciousness in infants. En M. Velmans & S. Schneider (Eds.), The Blackwell companion to consciousness (pp. 41–57). Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trevarthen, C., & Schögler, B. (2007). Dancing minds. In S. Braten (Ed.), Being moved by action, perception, music and speech. Mirror neurons and the developmental bases of (pre)verbal intersubjectivity and clinical applications. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, M. W., Trehub, S. E., & Schellenberg, E. G. (2012). Something in the way she sings: Enhanced memory for vocal melodies. Psychological Science, 23, 1074–1078. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612442552

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Silvia Español .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Carretero, S., Español, S., Rodríguez, F.G., Shifres, F. (2022). Infant-Directed Improvised Performances, Protoconversations, and Action Songs During the First Year of Life. In: Español, S., Martínez, M., Rodríguez, F.G. (eds) Moving and Interacting in Infancy and Early Childhood. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08923-7_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics