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Soil Bacteria and Nematodes for Bioremediation and Amelioration of Polluted Soil

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Microbial and Biotechnological Interventions in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation

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Abstract

Soil pollution is a global problem and harbors an extensive spectrum of negative consequences on human health and agriculture. In the last two decades, bioremediation has been recognized as a potential tool to tackle the metal-contaminated or -polluted soil. Various soil bacteria and nematodes play a significant role in bioremediation and amelioration of contaminated soil and its indication, respectively. Different types of bacterial strains are preferred extensively for bioremediation of contaminated soil like Geobacter sp. (a metal-reducing bacteria) which follows electron transfer mechanism with soil, resulting in the biodegradation of toluene and bioleaching of Arsenic (As). Further, bacteria that can degrade petroleum products includes Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Moraxella, Flavobacteria, Corynebacteria, Mycobactena, Streptomyces, Bacilli, Arthrobacter, Cyanobacteria, etc. Likewise, Mercury, Hg (II), can be biomethylated by different bacterial species such as Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sp., P. aeruginosa, and Brevibacterium iodinium to gaseous methyl mercury. Among other soil organisms, nematodes are observed as the most promising nominees for bio indication and toxic level indicator at different trophic channels for specific substances like Chiloplacus and Pratylenchus for Copper, Paratylenchus, and Criconemoides for Chromium, and Tylenchus and Cephalobus for Zinc. Cooperation, integration, and assimilation of such modern biotechnology, as well as conventional and ethical understanding, is required for the sustainable development and repair of our environment as an alternative to detrimental techniques based on chemical processes. However, the challenges like biosafety assessment and genetic pollution involved in embracing the new initiatives for amelioration of soil pollution must not be ignored.

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  1. Vedic Balika Mahavidhyalaya (University of Rajasthan), Varun Path, Mansarovar, Sector 3, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302020, India

    Gunjan Khandelwal

  2. Central University of Gujarat, Sector 30, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382030, India

    Viral Chaudhary

  3. Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Gujarat, 380009, India

    Rajeshwari Iyer

  4. D.G. Ruparel College of Arts, Science and Commerce, University of Mumbai, Senapati Bapat Marg, Mahalaxmi Sindhi Colony, Matunga West, Mumbai, 400016, Maharashtra, India

    Ankita Dwivedi

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  1. Gunjan Khandelwal
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Correspondence to Gunjan Khandelwal .

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  1. Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Junaid Ahmad Malik

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Khandelwal, G., Chaudhary, V., Iyer, R., Dwivedi, A. (2022). Soil Bacteria and Nematodes for Bioremediation and Amelioration of Polluted Soil. In: Malik, J.A. (eds) Microbial and Biotechnological Interventions in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08830-8_3

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