Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clinical Examination

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Clinical Cases in Leprosy

Part of the book series: Clinical Cases in Dermatology ((CLIDADE))

  • 188 Accesses

Abstract

Leprosy or Hansen’s disease is caused by the Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) bacilli is a debilitating disease of the skin and peripheral nerves. It is a disease with five-district forms like localized tuberculoid (TT), Borderline tuberculoid (BT), Borderline Borderline (BB), Borderline lepromatous (BL) and the generalized lepromatous leprosy (LL). It presents with varied clinical manifestations, however skin lesions are usually the first sign noticed. Proper history taking and complete clinical examination helps in establishing the diagnosis of Leprosy. Many a time history and clinical examinations give clues to the spectrum of leprosy. Early and accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are the key elements in preventing leprosy transmission and disabilities due to the disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Belachew WA, Naafs B. Position statement: LEPROSY: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2019;33(7):1205–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Pfaltzgraff RE, Ramu G. Clinical leprosy. In: Hastings RC, Diltor VAO, editors. Leprosy. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Chuchill Livingstone; 1994. p. 237–86.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bryceson ADM, Pfaltzgraff RE. Symptoms and signs. In: Bryceson ADM, Pfaltzgraff RE, editors. Leprosy. 3rd ed; 1990. p. 25–54.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Palit A, Ragunatha S, Inamadar AC. History taking and clinical examination. In: Kumar B, Kar H, editors. IAL textbook of leprosy. 2nd ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2016. p. 207–35.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Jopling WH, Mc Dougall AC. The disease. In: Jopling WH, Dougall M, editors. Handbook of leprosy. 5th ed. CBS Publishers and Distributors; 1996. p. 10–53.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Brandsma JW, Van Brakel WH. WHO disability grading: operational definitions. Lepr Rev. 2003;74(4):366–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chattopadhyay SP, Borua PC, Rathore BS. Value of pilocarpine test in early diagnosis of leprosy. Indian J Lepr. 1984;56(4):877–83.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Markendeya N, Srinivas CR. Ninhydrin sweat test in leprosy. Indian J Lepr. 2004;76(4):299–304.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Pearson JM. The evaluation of nerve damage in leprosy. Lepr Rev. 1982;53(2):119–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Morgado de Abreu MAM, de Avelar M, Alchorne M, Michalany NS, Weckx LLM, Pimentel DRN, Hirata CHW. The oral mucosa in paucibacillary leprosy: a clinical and histopathological study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;103(5):e48–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kaur A, Pallagatti S, Sheikh S, Singh R, Aggarwal A. Oral cavity and leprosy. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2012;3(2):101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lamba PA, Kumar DS. Ocular involvement from leprosy. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1984;32(2):61–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Daniel E. Lagophthalmos in leprosy. Indian J Lepr. 1998;70:39–47.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Hemanta Kumar Kar & Mitanjali Sethy

Authors
  1. Hemanta Kumar Kar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mitanjali Sethy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India

    Swetalina Pradhan

  2. Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy, Madhubani Medical College and Hospital, Bihar, India

    Piyush Kumar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kar, H.K., Sethy, M. (2022). Clinical Examination. In: Pradhan, S., Kumar, P. (eds) Clinical Cases in Leprosy. Clinical Cases in Dermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08220-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08220-7_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-08219-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-08220-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation