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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis in Medicinal Plants

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Genome Editing

Abstract

At present, traditional biotechnology techniques have usually been exploited for medicinal plant breeding. However, recent biotechnology-based breeding techniques, i.e., genome editing diversify the platform to develop custom-designed medicinal plants. The sequence-specific nucleases of TALENs, ZFNs, and Cas are advance genome editing tools which produce user-defined plants. CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing is an emerging technique that utilizes artificially engineered nucleases for digesting DNA at targeted locations in the genome for high-throughput biotechnology-based breeding of valuable medicinal plants. Due to its wide application in gene mutagenesis, transcriptional regulation, high efficiency and easy manipulation, several plant-specific CRISPR/Cas9 vector systems have been designed. This methodology is based upon the type II adaptive immunity response of prokaryotes, which comprises of a CRISPR-associated (Cas)9 protein and an engineered sgRNA that specifically targets the nucleic acid sequence to induce selective mutagenesis. In this chapter, various CRISPR/Cas-based approaches are discussed with emphasis on CRISPR/Cas9 vector platforms, multiplex editing strategies, analysis methods for induced mutations, and its applications in medicinal plants. This chapter provides the advancements in genome editing technologies and their associated strategies, giving an insight on the limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 technique and its future advances to improve the quality of traditional medicinal herbs. This new system will further open new arena to manage synthetic biology of medicinal plants for industrial purposes and to investigate the function of gene to accelerate basic plant research.

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Acknowledgments

MP, KD and RJ gratefully acknowledge the director, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, for providing the facilities to carry out this work. CSIR support in the form of project MLP0201, MLP0165, MLP0170, and MLP0172 and agriculture department, Shimla in the form of project SSP-0125 and SSP-0126 for this study is highly acknowledged. This manuscript represents CSIR-IHBT communication no. 4891.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Meghna Patial, Kiran Devi & Rohit Joshi

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rohit Joshi

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  1. Meghna Patial
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  2. Kiran Devi
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  3. Rohit Joshi
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Mountain Research Center for Field Crops SKUAST-Kashmir, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

  2. Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Goetz Hensel

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Patial, M., Devi, K., Joshi, R. (2022). CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis in Medicinal Plants. In: Wani, S.H., Hensel, G. (eds) Genome Editing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08072-2_3

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