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Serum Leptin as a Biomarker in Diabetes

Links with Acromegaly

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Biomarkers in Diabetes

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Abstract

Acromegaly is a rare disease caused by an overproduction of growth hormone and revealed by progressive clinical features. Due to the abundance of growth hormone receptors in the body, it is a systemic disease that leads to many complications and concomitant diseases. An obvious medical concern in the context of acromegaly is diabetes. It can be the result of excess growth hormone and its mediators, but it can also result from the treatment of acromegaly.

This chapter reveals the pathophysiological role of leptin in glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients, especially those with acromegaly. In addition, there is a section highlighting the effect of acromegaly treatment on glucose metabolism, including approved drugs as well as those currently being explored. It also reviews the observations of the use of antidiabetic drugs in acromegaly patients.

Glucose homeostasis is an important feature of the comorbidity of acromegaly and has further care. Although several trials have tested glucose homeostasis in acromegaly, more basic, translational, and clinical investigations are still needed to better consider the underlying mechanisms and how to better report them.

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Abbreviations

CV:

Cardiovascular

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase

FA:

Fatty acid

FBG:

Fasting blood glucose

FFAs:

Free fatty acids

GH:

Growth hormone

gp:

Glycoprotein

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HOMA%B:

Homeostatic model assessment for β-cell function

HOMA%S:

Homeostatic model assessment for insulin sensitivity

HOMA:

Homeostatic model assessment

HTN:

Hypertension

IFG:

Impaired fasting glucose

IFN-γ:

Interferon-gamma

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor-1

IL:

Interleukin

IR:

Insulin resistance

IRS:

Insulin receptor substrate

IS:

Insulin sensitivity

JAK:

Janus family of tyrosine kinases

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

MAP:

Mitogen-activated protein

PKC:

Protein kinase C

STAT:

Signal transducers and activators of transcription

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

    Hind Shakir Ahmed

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  1. Hind Shakir Ahmed
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Correspondence to Hind Shakir Ahmed .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Ahmed, H.S. (2023). Serum Leptin as a Biomarker in Diabetes. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Biomarkers in Diabetes. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08014-2_50

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