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Biomarkers of Diabetes-Induced Nephropathy

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Biomarkers in Diabetes

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease. Therefore, the assessment of renal function and early diagnosis of glomerular and tubular injuries is very important measure in the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The diagnosis of DN for years has been routinely determined by the presence of microalbuminuria (MA). Several studies have showed that presence of MA may be transient and does not necessarily reflect permanent kidney damage. There could also be glomerulo-tubular damage in diabetic patient without presenting with albuminuria. Decline in the renal function, cellular and extracellular derangements in both the glomerulus and tubules has been associated with array of biological markers which could be of help in the diagnosis, prognosis, and the overall management of the affected patients. Identifying more biomarkers of both research and clinical importance to diagnose and predict progression of kidney damage in diabetics is necessary.

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Abbreviations

AGE:

Advanced glycated end-products

AUC:

Area under curve

DAG:

Diacyl glycerol

DKD:

Diabetic kidney disease

DM:

Diabetic mellitus

DN:

Diabetic nephropathy

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

GFR:

Glomerular filtration rate

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

L-PGDS:

Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase

MA:

Microalbuminuria

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine di-nucleotide phosphate hydrogen

NF-ĸb:

Nuclear factor kappa b

PKC:

Protein kinase C

RAGE:

Receptors for advanced glycated end-products

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TGF-β1:

Tumor growth factor beta 1

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria

    Bamidele Stephen Ajilore

  2. Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

    Bosede Olaitan Ajilore

  3. Osun State Primary Health Care Development Board, Osogbo, Nigeria

    Bosede Olaitan Ajilore

Authors
  1. Bamidele Stephen Ajilore
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  2. Bosede Olaitan Ajilore
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Correspondence to Bamidele Stephen Ajilore .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Ajilore, B.S., Ajilore, B.O. (2023). Biomarkers of Diabetes-Induced Nephropathy. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Biomarkers in Diabetes. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08014-2_46

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