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Cardiac Defects

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Guide for Advanced Nursing Care of the Adult with Congenital Heart Disease

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Abstract

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a communication between both atria that allows blood shunting across the defect. It’s one of the common congenital defects with 6–10% as a single defect and in 30% associated with complex lesions [1]. There are several types based on the site of the defect at the interatrial septum (IAS); Fig. 2.1 demonstrates the anatomical location of the different types. Secundum ASD represents the most common type with a defect in the septum primum. Primum ASD is due to a defect in the endocardial cushions and accounts for a partial atrioventricular (AV) canal defect. Sinus venosus ASD is due to a defect in the atrial septum at the site of infolding of the vena cava; it could be superior at the superior vena cava (SVC) and is usually accompanied by partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage with the right upper pulmonary veins entering into the right atrium at the site of the defect. Less common is inferior sinus venosus ASD at the site of entrance of the inferior vena cava (IVC). The least common type is coronary sinus defect where it opens into the left atrium [1].

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ACHD, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

    Basma Abdelkader Hammad

  2. ACHD/PAH Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

    Michael A. Gatzoulis

Authors
  1. Basma Abdelkader Hammad
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  2. Michael A. Gatzoulis
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael A. Gatzoulis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. ACHD Unit, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy

    Serena Francesca Flocco

  2. Cardiology, Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

    Hajar Habibi

  3. Department of Public Health Experimental and Forensic Medicine Section of Hygiene, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Federica Dellafiore

  4. Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Sutter Heart and Vascular Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA

    Christina Sillman

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Hammad, B.A., Gatzoulis, M.A. (2022). Cardiac Defects. In: Flocco, S.F., Habibi, H., Dellafiore, F., Sillman, C. (eds) Guide for Advanced Nursing Care of the Adult with Congenital Heart Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07598-8_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07598-8_2

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-07598-8

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