Abstract
The importance of microscopic phenomena such as molecular interactions in water drop formation have been overlooked in the researches about sprinkler irrigation efficiency. It is well known that molecular characteristics of water phase have an influence on droplet size. Similarly, the required energy to make water drops by sprinklers originates from the water jet drag controlled by its surface tension. Thus, dissolved surface-active substances (surfactants) such as pesticides and fertilizers can play a significant role in the performance of the sprinkler systems. In this study, we show that droplet forming rate in atomization is significantly lower than the achievable droplet formation rates in laboratories in spite of the fact that flow rates in a laboratory setting is far below the jet flow rates in sprinkler irrigation systems. Using drop volume method two commercial fertilizer and pesticide have been employed to investigate the mechanisms via which dissolved materials can affect the water drop size during atomization. Experimental results from this study revealed the commercial fertilizers and pesticides can significantly reduce the surface tension of water and, therefore, size of water droplets (up to 60%). Consideration of these outcomes in the design of sprinkler irrigation systems can substantially improve water conservation in the areas adversely affected by the global warming.
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Keneti, A., Farsadizadeh, D., Bahramian, Y. (2022). Sprinkler Irrigation Atomization in Relation to Water Surface Tension: A New Laboratory Technique to Investigate Pesticides and Fertilizers Effect on Irrigation Drop Size. In: Jeon, HY. (eds) Sustainable Development of Water and Environment. Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07500-1_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07500-1_8
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